27 Questions
What is the primary type of motion exhibited by the first 20-30° of hallux dorsiflexion?
Rolling
What is the primary function of the cam-shaped 1st metatarsal head?
To aid in the rolling motion of the 1st MTPJ
What is the normal range of motion of the 1st MTPJ?
65-75°
What type of joint is the 1st MTPJ classified as?
Hinge joint
What occurs at the end range of motion in the 1st MTPJ?
Compression
What is the primary function of the peroneus longus tendon in relation to the 1st ray?
Plantarflexion of the 1st ray
What is the result of the wedge-shape of the middle and lateral cuneiforms?
Key stone effect within the medial cuneiform and cuboid
What is the primary characteristic of Hallux Rigidus?
A diminished range of motion and degenerative alterations of the joint
What is the role of the normal parabola in the medial column?
It ensures that the 2nd metatarsal is longer than the 1st
What is the purpose of the Windlass mechanism?
To maintain the integrity of the proximal phalangeal base
What is the relationship between the medial cuneiform and cuboid?
The wedge-shape of the medial cuneiform and cuboid results in a key stone effect
What is the result of not meeting the requirements for normal 1st MTPJ ROM?
Hallux limitus
What is the degree of dorsiflexion reduction caused by a 1-inch heel?
20°
What is the effect of immobilization of the 1st ray in dorsiflexion on the 1st MTPJ?
Decreases ROM
What is the term used to describe the condition where the hallux is unable to dorsiflex due to the blocking of the windlass mechanism?
Hallux equinus
What is the purpose of the windlass mechanism in the 1st MTPJ?
To assist in resupination of the subtalar joint
What is the characteristic of functional hallux limitus?
Decreased dorsiflexion of the hallux only when the forefoot is loaded
What is the goal of orthotic management in treating hallux rigidus?
To increase the ROM of the 1st MTPJ
What is the effect of Morton's extension on the 1st MTPJ?
Decreases the ROM of the 1st MTPJ
What is the purpose of the reverse Morton's extension?
To allow the first ray to plantarflex more
What is the goal of surgical treatment options for hallux rigidus?
To salvage the joint
What is the primary indication of a Stage 1 functional limitus in the Drago, Oloff, & Jacobs Classification?
Limited dorsiflexion with weightbearing but normal ROM with non-weightbearing
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Stage 2 adaptation in the Drago, Oloff, & Jacobs Classification?
Total ankylosis
What is the primary difference between Stage 3 deterioration and Stage 4 ankylosis in the Drago, Oloff, & Jacobs Classification?
Obliteration of joint space
What is the treatment for Stage 1 functional limitus in the Drago, Oloff, & Jacobs Classification?
Joint-Salvage procedure
Which stage of the Drago, Oloff, & Jacobs Classification is characterized by crepitus and subchondral cystic formation?
Stage 3 deterioration
What is the characteristic deformity seen in Stage 4 ankylosis in the Drago, Oloff, & Jacobs Classification?
Deformity/Malalignment
Test your knowledge on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of hallux rigidus and limitus, a condition affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Learn about the anatomical and functional causes, radiographic findings, and classification systems. Demonstrate your understanding of the surgical treatment options for each stage of the condition.
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