Week 6 - Hair Structure and Follicle Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the hair bulb?

Is the outermost layer of the hair shaft

Protects hair from damage due to UV rays

Surrounds the hair papilla and houses living epithelial cells (correct)

Contains the root hair plexuses

Which part of the hair contains flexible, soft keratin?

Medulla (correct)

Cortex

Cuticle

Shaft

What role do the arrector pili muscles play in the hair follicles?

They nourish the hair follicle

They protect the hair root from damage

They elevate the hair, causing 'goosebumps' (correct)

They help the hair to grow faster

Which zone of the hair extends from the bulb to the skin surface?

Root Signup and view all the answers

Which component of hair is primarily responsible for visual identification?

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the hair follicle?

To surround and protect the hair root Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nail matrix in nail growth?

To actively produce new nail cells Signup and view all the answers

Which layer surrounds the cortex of the hair?

Cuticle Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is described as a fungal infection of the nails?

Onychomycosis Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the nail contains a whitish semilunar shape?

Lunula Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of hair related to the respiratory system?

Traps particles and debris Signup and view all the answers

What type of hair is characterized as fine, unpigmented, and downy, appearing in the last trimester of pregnancy?

Lanugo Signup and view all the answers

What describes the condition known as 'spoon nails'?

Nail has a concave outer surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of terminal hair?

It is coarser, pigmented, and longer Signup and view all the answers

Which of these represents temporary interference with nail growth?

Beau’s lines Signup and view all the answers

What does vertical ridging of the nails usually indicate?

A common and usually harmless condition Signup and view all the answers

What causes the pinkish color of the nail body?

Presence of blood vessels underneath the nail Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ceruminous glands?

Secretions that trap foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does hair primarily grow in length?

Anagen phase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of glands produce sebum?

Holocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of hair is responsible for the formation of new cells?

Hair matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the main trigger for the increased activity of sebaceous glands during puberty?

Hormonal changes, especially male sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the telogen phase of hair growth?

Resting phase with eventual eventual shedding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mammary glands is true?

They function mainly in lactating females Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hair structure

Hair originates from the hair bulb, a swelling at the base of the hair in the dermis
The hair bulb surrounds the hair papilla, composed of connective tissue
The hair bulb is the only region containing living epithelial cells
The hair root extends from the bulb to the skin surface
The hair shaft is the portion of hair beyond the skin surface
The hair matrix is a structure at the base of the hair bulb where epithelial cells divide
New cells are produced, gradually pushed toward the surface
The medulla is a remnant of the matrix containing flexible, soft keratin
The cortex contains flattened cells closer to the outer hair surface and is relatively hard
The cuticle is a single cell layer around the cortex

Hair Follicle and Function

The hair follicle is an oblique tube that surrounds the hair root
The hair follicle extends into the dermis and sometimes the subcutaneous layer
The outer connective tissue root sheath originates in the dermis
The inner epithelial tissue root sheath originates from the epidermis
Arrector pili are thin ribbons of smooth muscle that extend from the hair follicle to dermal papillae
Arrector pili elevate hair with contraction, causing "goosebumps"
Hair functions in protection, heat retention, sensory reception, and visual identification
Hair on the head protects from sunburn and injury
Hair in the respiratory system and ears traps particles and debris
Root hair plexuses detect light touch

Nail Structure

The nail body is pinkish because it overlays the vascular dermis
The free edge of the nail is white because it lacks an underlying vascular supply

Exocrine Glands of the Skin

Apocrine sweat glands produce viscous, cloudy secretions containing proteins and lipids
Apocrine sweat glands discharge secretions into hair follicles
Apocrine sweat glands are located in the axillae, around the nipples, and in the pubic and anal regions
Apocrine sweat glands produce odor when acted on by bacteria
Apocrine sweat glands start producing secretions during puberty
Sebaceous glands are holocrine glands that produce oily secretion, sebum
Sebaceous glands are located in the dermis and discharge into the hair follicle
Sebaceous gland secretions lubricate the skin and hair, and have bactericidal properties
Sebaceous gland secretions are stimulated by hormones, especially male sex hormones
Sebaceous glands become active during puberty
Ceruminous glands are modified apocrine sweat glands located only in the external ear canal
Ceruminous glands produce secretions of waterproof earwax, cerumen, which traps foreign material and lubricates the acoustic meatus and eardrum
Mammary glands are modified apocrine sweat glands of the breast that function only in pregnant and lactating females
Mammary glands produce breast milk

Acne

Acne is caused by plugged sebaceous ducts
Acne typically begins during puberty due to increased activity of gland secretions blocking pores
Acne treatments include benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, antibiotics, vitamin A-like compounds, and systemic retinoids
Acne may lead to scarring if untreated

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Description

Explore the fascinating details of hair structure and the function of hair follicles. This quiz covers the anatomy of hair, including the hair bulb, root, shaft, and the associated components like the medulla and cortex. Test your knowledge on how these elements work together to support hair growth and health.