Hair Follicle Receptors and Sensory Units Quiz

What type of receptors are Hair Follicle Receptors?

Meissner's corpuscles
Free nerve endings (correct)
Pacinian corpuscles
Merkel discs

What constitutes a 'sensory unit'?

Clusters of neighboring receptors
One sensory axon and its peripheral branches (correct)
Multiple sensory axons
The receptive field

According to the Law of Specific Energies, what does not change as intensity of a stimulus increases?

Frequency of impulse transmission
Clusters of neighboring receptors
Type of sensation (modality) (correct)
Number of receptors involved simultaneously

Which neurotransmitters can affect the senses through 'central excitation' or 'central inhibition'?

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptides (CGRP) and Norepinephrine (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical part is the ability to discriminate between two separate stimuli highly developed?

Skin (D) Signup and view all the answers

How far apart must two points be for the cortex to recognize them on the fingertips or lips?

$1$ mm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the plexus that lies between the submucosa and the circular muscle?

Submucosal plexus (Meissner plexus) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach and small intestine?

Vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four sympathetic ganglia that serve the gastrointestinal tract?

Cranial (D) Signup and view all the answers

The motor neuron pool of the enteric nervous system consists of:

Both excitatory and inhibitory neurons (D) Signup and view all the answers

Large-amplitude muscle contractions are associated with:

Slow waves when action potentials are present (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the lower gastrointestinal tract, including the transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons?

Pelvic nerve (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial symptom of syringomyelia?

Bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation and paralysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about phantom pain is correct?

It is caused by the reactivation of a previously coded pain sensation in the sensory cortex due to neural plasticity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about pain-based learning is correct?

It can occur in the spinal cord posterior horns, thalamus, or sensory cortex by neural plasticity mechanisms. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the infection known as herpes zoster (shingles)?

The chickenpox virus (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the chickenpox virus that causes herpes zoster reach the spinal ganglia?

By retrograde transport through peripheral nerves (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of the pain disorder mentioned in the text?

Severe pain triggered by non-painful stimuli like sound or taste (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

To store feces before defecation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of haustral contractions in the large intestine?

Mix colonic contents back and forth (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of contractions occur in the large intestine as part of haustral contractions?

Segmentation contractions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What substance provides bulk in the diet and contributes to regular bowel movements?

Cellulose and other indigestible substances (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do mass movements in the colon function?

To move contents over long distances (D) Signup and view all the answers

What controls haustral contractions in the large intestine?

Locally mediated reflexes involving intrinsic plexuses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

To stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of secretin in the digestive process?

To stimulate the pancreatic duct cells to release a bicarbonate-rich solution to neutralize acid in the duodenum (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cholecystokinin (CCK) is correct?

It stimulates the pancreatic acinar cells to increase secretion of pancreatic enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in regulating food intake?

It plays a key role in satiety, the sensation of having had enough to eat (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for neutralizing the acidic chyme in the duodenum?

To provide a suitable environment for optimal functioning of the pancreatic digestive enzymes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) is correct?

They are both trophic to the exocrine pancreas (A) Signup and view all the answers