Haemophilus Influenzae Overview

A genus of bacteria known for its small, gram-negative, cocco-bacillary shape.

The most common species of Haemophilus responsible for various infections.

Capsular structure present in some strains of Haemophilus influenzae.

The presence of a capsule in Haemophilus influenzae.

Haemophilus influenzae strains without a capsule.

Distinct types of Haemophilus influenzae based on their capsule structure.

The most virulent serotype of Haemophilus influenzae.

The ability of Haemophilus influenzae to enter the body through the respiratory tract.

Haemophilus influenzae dwelling in the respiratory tract without causing symptoms.

Infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, such as sinusitis, otitis media, or pneumonia.

An enzyme produced by Haemophilus influenzae that breaks down IgA, a type of antibody in the respiratory system.

Hair-like structures on Haemophilus influenzae that help it attach to the respiratory mucosa.

The ability of Haemophilus influenzae to spread from the respiratory tract to the bloodstream.

Infection of the bloodstream caused by Haemophilus influenzae.

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord caused by Haemophilus influenzae.

Serotype b of Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause of these diseases.

Non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae are commonly responsible for these infections.

The age group most vulnerable to Haemophilus influenzae infections.

The peak age range for infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae.

Factors that contribute to the virulence of Haemophilus influenzae.

The outer layer of Haemophilus influenzae, contributing to its ability to cause disease.

A toxin released by Haemophilus influenzae that contributes to its disease-causing potential.

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Infection and inflammation of the middle ear.

Infection and inflammation of the sinuses.

Infection of the lungs, often causing coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.

Inflammation of the joints, often caused by an infection.

An infection of the skin and tissues beneath the skin.

A serious condition characterized by widespread infection throughout the body.

Inflammation of the epiglottis, a flap of tissue at the back of the throat.

A method of identifying Haemophilus influenzae using a microscope.

A type of culture medium used to grow Haemophilus influenzae.

A factor required for the growth of Haemophilus influenzae, found in chocolate agar.

A factor required for the growth of Haemophilus influenzae, found in chocolate agar.

A test used to identify encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae by observing the capsule's swelling in the presence of specific antibodies.

A type of antibiotic used to treat serious Haemophilus influenzae infections, such as meningitis.

A combination antibiotic used to treat Haemophilus influenzae infections, particularly otitis media and sinusitis.

The use of vaccines to prevent Haemophilus influenzae infections.

A vaccine used to protect individuals from Haemophilus influenzae infections.

A type of vaccine where the antigen (the part that triggers an immune response) is linked to a carrier protein to enhance its effectiveness.

An antibiotic that can be given to people who have been in close contact with someone infected with Haemophilus influenzae.

A genus of bacteria that includes several species, with B. pertussis being the most important in causing whooping cough.

The primary species of Bordetella responsible for causing whooping cough.

Other species within the Bordetella genus that can cause respiratory infections, although less common than B. pertussis.

The size and shape of Bordetella pertussis bacteria.

Presence of a capsule in Bordetella pertussis bacteria.

Bordetella pertussis requires oxygen to survive and grow.

The susceptibility of Bordetella pertussis to environmental changes and its short survival time outside the human respiratory tract.

Enzymes produced by Bordetella pertussis that indicate its presence.

Hair-like structures on the surface of Bordetella pertussis bacteria.

A protein found in the pilli of Bordetella pertussis, essential for its attachment to the respiratory tract.

The spread of Bordetella pertussis through droplets released from the infected person.

The high infectivity of Bordetella pertussis, capable of infecting almost all susceptible individuals exposed to it.

The restriction of Bordetella pertussis to human hosts for survival and growth.

The main population affected by Bordetella pertussis infections, primarily infants and young children.

The attachment of Bordetella pertussis to the respiratory mucosa, facilitated by filamentous hemagglutinin (fha).

The damage caused by Bordetella pertussis to ciliated cells in the respiratory tract, leading to their eventual breakdown and removal.

Bordetella pertussis does not invade cells or spread to deeper tissues, instead causing damage through toxins it produces.

A toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis, responsible for local tissue damage and inflammation in the respiratory tract.

The subunit of pertussis toxin that binds to target cells, allowing the toxin to enter the cell.

The subunit of pertussis toxin that activates adenylate cyclase within the host cell, leading to inhibition of phagocytosis.

An enzyme produced by Bordetella pertussis that can inhibit the activity of phagocytic cells, reducing their ability to fight infection.

A fragment of the peptidoglycan of Bordetella pertussis that directly damages ciliated cells of the respiratory tract, contributing to whooping cough pathogenesis.

A molecule involved in the immune response that can be released by inflammatory cells, like macrophages, in response to infection.

A serious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, characterized by a distinctive coughing sound.

The initial phase of whooping cough, marked by mild upper respiratory tract symptoms.

The phase of whooping cough characterized by severe coughing fits, extending to the lower respiratory tract.

The final stage of whooping cough where the cough gradually lessens, although it may still persist for several months.

A method used to identify Bordetella pertussis bacteria using a microscope.

A culture medium specifically designed for growing Bordetella pertussis bacteria.

Using fluorescent antibodies to identify Bordetella pertussis bacteria directly from nasopharyngeal specimens

A laboratory test for detecting Bordetella pertussis DNA using polymerase chain reaction

A type of antibiotic commonly used to treat Bordetella pertussis infections, reducing the bacterial load.

Protection against Bordetella pertussis infections through vaccination.