Haematological Agents Overview

Straw-colored fluid making up 55% of blood volume, containing water, dissolved substances like proteins, salts, nutrients, waste, hormones, and gases.

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

The formation of blood cells, taking place within the red bone marrow.

Stem cells capable of becoming any type of blood cell, they are the starting point for blood cell production.

The process of replacing blood cells in the body, regulated by growth factors.

Proteins that stimulate the development and maturation of blood cells from stem cells.

A condition with insufficient red blood cells, leading to reduced oxygen carrying capacity.

Drugs used to treat anemia by replacing missing substances like iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid.

A condition where the body does not produce enough vitamin K, leading to impaired blood clotting.

A condition caused by an abnormality in the genes responsible for blood clotting. This can lead to either excessive bleeding or excessive clotting.

A condition characterized by a low number of platelets in the blood, leading to a higher risk of bleeding.

A condition where the heart has to work harder to pump blood, often due to factors like high blood pressure or narrowed arteries.

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

A group of proteins that stimulate the production of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils.

Drugs that prevent or slow down the formation of blood clots, helping to prevent strokes and heart attacks.

Vitamin K1, also known as phytonadione, is used to treat inadequate blood clotting, specifically when the cause is vitamin K deficiency.

A type of growth factor that increases the number of platelets in the blood.

A specific Megakaryocyte Growth Factor that increases platelet count. It's used to treat thrombocytopenia, a condition with low platelet levels.

The process by which blood changes from a liquid to a solid clot, stopping bleeding.

The loss of blood from the body. Hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding.

A temporary spasm of blood vessels that occurs after injury to reduce blood loss.

A plug formed by platelets at the site of an injury to help stop bleeding.

A protein meshwork that traps red blood cells and platelets to solidify a blood clot.

The process of breaking down a fibrin clot after the injury heals.

Drugs that accelerate the process of dissolving blood clots, also known as clot-busters.

Drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots.

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells.

A blood cell disorder characterized by an abnormally low number of platelets, leading to increased bleeding.

A type of anemia characterized by smaller red blood cells that have less hemoglobin.

A blood disorder characterized by an abnormally low number of white blood cells, increasing the risk of infection.

A type of anemia caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, leading to abnormal red blood cell production.

Drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots by interfering with the clotting cascade.

Heparin and related products, Coumarin anticoagulants (like Warfarin), and Direct thrombin inhibitors.

Drugs that prevent platelets from sticking together, which is essential for clot formation, especially in arteries.

Aspirin, Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel, Abciximab, Tirofiban, Eptifibatide, Dipyridamole, and Cilostazol.

Drugs that dissolve existing blood clots by activating a natural clot-dissolving enzyme.

Streptokinase, Urokinase, t-PA activator, Alteplase, Tenecteplase, and Reteplase.

Agents used to reduce bleeding or enhance clotting when there is an insufficiency.

Fresh plasma, purified clotting factors (like Factor VII and Factor IX), and Vitamin K supplements.

The process by which old red blood cells are broken down and recycled.

A condition where the blood has a lower than normal concentration of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Anemia caused by a deficiency of iron, leading to smaller than normal red blood cells.

A large, immature red blood cell typically associated with vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

A type of anemia caused by lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach, leading to poor absorption of vitamin B12.

Anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells at a faster rate than they can be replaced.

The use of medications or growth factors to stimulate the production of red blood cells.

Substances like iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid that are essential for red blood cell production.