Habit Disorders and Tic Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of tic disorders?

They are non-repetitive and serve a specific social function.

They are entirely genetically inherited.

They involve repetitive, jerking muscle movements or vocalizations. (correct)

They occur exclusively in children under the age of 10.

Which of the following statements about trichotillomania is accurate?

Hair pulling does not typically lead to feelings of tension or anxiety.

It is more common in males than females.

It is primarily a genetic disorder with few behavioral influences.

It can lead to noticeable hair loss and often involves eating the pulled hair. (correct)

Which factors are most likely to increase the prevalence of tics?

Exposure to bright light.

Presence of an anxiety provoking person. (correct)

Positive reinforcement from peers.

Excessive physical activity.

What are common consequences associated with nail biting?

Increased risk of dental infections. Signup and view all the answers

How is thumb sucking maintained according to behavioral theories?

It modulates arousal, providing comfort or excitement. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment for tic disorders is known to have well-established effectiveness?

Habit Reversal Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern in the assessment of habit disorders regarding indirect observation?

It often relies on subjective interpretations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of Habit Reversal training?

Aversive Conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the general approach to treating thumb sucking behavior?

Behavioral methods involving aversive substances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medical treatments shows limited success for trichotillomania?

Fluoxetine Signup and view all the answers

What primary issue do habit reversal procedures target according to Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz?

Obsessive-compulsive habits Signup and view all the answers

Based on Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz’s research, what was a focus of their evaluation of habit reversal procedures?

Critical evaluation in the treatment of tics Signup and view all the answers

In which publication year were multiple articles related to habit reversal procedures published by Azrin et al.?

1980 Signup and view all the answers

What type of intervention is considered as habit reversal according to the authors?

Behavioral modification techniques Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was likely NOT a focus of Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz’s repeated studies?

Generalized anxiety management Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of habit reversal is emphasized by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz's publications?

Behavioral techniques as a primary intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the publication venue for the articles written by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz regarding habit reversal procedures?

Behavior Research and Therapy Signup and view all the answers

In evaluating the effectiveness of habit reversal, Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz likely compared it to which of the following?

Other behavioral interventions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the studies by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz?

Comparison of habit reversal procedures in treating tics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes habit reversal procedures?

Strategies designed to replace unwanted behaviors with acceptable ones Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is commonly evaluated in the treatment of tics using habit reversal?

Decrease in the frequency of tic behaviors Signup and view all the answers

How might habit reversal procedures be implemented?

Using awareness training followed by competing responses Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration when evaluating the effectiveness of habit reversal procedures?

Measurable changes in behavior over time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of habit reversal procedures?

Pharmacological interventions Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of habit reversal procedures may enhance their effectiveness?

Individualized feedback during sessions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Habit Disorders

Habit behaviors are repetitive actions without apparent social function, maintained by operant contingencies.
Habit disorders result in harm, either physical or social, to the individual.
Habit disorders are typically defined topographically, not functionally.
Common habit disorders often seen clinically are tic disorders, trichotillomania, thumb sucking, and nail biting.

Tic Disorders

Definition and Description: Motor tics are rapid, repetitive, jerking muscle movements not caused by spasms, chorea, or tremors. Vocal tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic vocalizations (e.g., barking, coughing, throat clearing). Tourette's syndrome (TS) involves both motor and vocal tics.
Prevalence: Motor tic disorder affects roughly 1% of the population. Tourette's syndrome (TS) prevalence is approximately 0.04-0.05%, more common in males.

Trichotillomania

Definition and Description: Chronic hair pulling causing noticeable hair loss. Often accompanied by rubbing, chewing, or eating the pulled hair. Individuals experience tension/anxiety before pulling the hair.
Prevalence: Affects approximately 1-4% of the population, with women 3 times more likely to be diagnosed.

Thumb Sucking

Prevalence: Common in children under 4 (up to 46%), and continues in 19% of children over 5. About 2.8% of college-age adults continue thumb or finger mouthing.
Impact: While usually harmless, chronic thumb sucking can cause dental issues (malocclusion, root resorption), and accidental poisoning. Children who continue to suck their thumbs may face negative social perceptions.

Nail Biting

Prevalence: A common habit, common in children (41.6%) and adults (10%).
Impact: Chronic biting can damage nail tissue, produce infections, and shorten tooth roots. Negative social perceptions are possible.

Etiological Theories (General)

Biological: Genetic factors are suspected in tic disorders and possible deficiencies in neurotransmitters (like dopamine) may play a part.
Behavioral: Learned behavior (reinforced by tension reduction) is a theory for many habit disorders. Self-stimulation, social reinforcement, or escape from stressful situations are proposed as contributors.

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Description

Explore the essentials of habit and tic disorders in this quiz, including their definitions, prevalence, and clinical significance. Understand common habit behaviors such as trichotillomania and motor tics, including Tourette's syndrome.