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Questions and Answers
What is a defining characteristic of tic disorders?
What is a defining characteristic of tic disorders?
Which of the following statements about trichotillomania is accurate?
Which of the following statements about trichotillomania is accurate?
Which factors are most likely to increase the prevalence of tics?
Which factors are most likely to increase the prevalence of tics?
What are common consequences associated with nail biting?
What are common consequences associated with nail biting?
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How is thumb sucking maintained according to behavioral theories?
How is thumb sucking maintained according to behavioral theories?
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Which treatment for tic disorders is known to have well-established effectiveness?
Which treatment for tic disorders is known to have well-established effectiveness?
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What is a primary concern in the assessment of habit disorders regarding indirect observation?
What is a primary concern in the assessment of habit disorders regarding indirect observation?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of Habit Reversal training?
Which of the following is NOT a component of Habit Reversal training?
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What is the general approach to treating thumb sucking behavior?
What is the general approach to treating thumb sucking behavior?
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Which of the following medical treatments shows limited success for trichotillomania?
Which of the following medical treatments shows limited success for trichotillomania?
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What primary issue do habit reversal procedures target according to Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz?
What primary issue do habit reversal procedures target according to Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz?
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Based on Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz’s research, what was a focus of their evaluation of habit reversal procedures?
Based on Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz’s research, what was a focus of their evaluation of habit reversal procedures?
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In which publication year were multiple articles related to habit reversal procedures published by Azrin et al.?
In which publication year were multiple articles related to habit reversal procedures published by Azrin et al.?
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What type of intervention is considered as habit reversal according to the authors?
What type of intervention is considered as habit reversal according to the authors?
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Which of the following was likely NOT a focus of Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz’s repeated studies?
Which of the following was likely NOT a focus of Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz’s repeated studies?
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Which aspect of habit reversal is emphasized by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz's publications?
Which aspect of habit reversal is emphasized by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz's publications?
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What is the publication venue for the articles written by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz regarding habit reversal procedures?
What is the publication venue for the articles written by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz regarding habit reversal procedures?
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In evaluating the effectiveness of habit reversal, Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz likely compared it to which of the following?
In evaluating the effectiveness of habit reversal, Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz likely compared it to which of the following?
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What is the primary focus of the studies by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz?
What is the primary focus of the studies by Azrin, Nunn, and Frantz?
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Which of the following best describes habit reversal procedures?
Which of the following best describes habit reversal procedures?
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Which outcome is commonly evaluated in the treatment of tics using habit reversal?
Which outcome is commonly evaluated in the treatment of tics using habit reversal?
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How might habit reversal procedures be implemented?
How might habit reversal procedures be implemented?
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What is a critical consideration when evaluating the effectiveness of habit reversal procedures?
What is a critical consideration when evaluating the effectiveness of habit reversal procedures?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of habit reversal procedures?
Which of the following is NOT a component of habit reversal procedures?
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Which aspect of habit reversal procedures may enhance their effectiveness?
Which aspect of habit reversal procedures may enhance their effectiveness?
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Study Notes
Habit Disorders
- Habit behaviors are repetitive actions without apparent social function, maintained by operant contingencies.
- Habit disorders result in harm, either physical or social, to the individual.
- Habit disorders are typically defined topographically, not functionally.
- Common habit disorders often seen clinically are tic disorders, trichotillomania, thumb sucking, and nail biting.
Tic Disorders
- Definition and Description: Motor tics are rapid, repetitive, jerking muscle movements not caused by spasms, chorea, or tremors. Vocal tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic vocalizations (e.g., barking, coughing, throat clearing). Tourette's syndrome (TS) involves both motor and vocal tics.
- Prevalence: Motor tic disorder affects roughly 1% of the population. Tourette's syndrome (TS) prevalence is approximately 0.04-0.05%, more common in males.
Trichotillomania
- Definition and Description: Chronic hair pulling causing noticeable hair loss. Often accompanied by rubbing, chewing, or eating the pulled hair. Individuals experience tension/anxiety before pulling the hair.
- Prevalence: Affects approximately 1-4% of the population, with women 3 times more likely to be diagnosed.
Thumb Sucking
- Prevalence: Common in children under 4 (up to 46%), and continues in 19% of children over 5. About 2.8% of college-age adults continue thumb or finger mouthing.
- Impact: While usually harmless, chronic thumb sucking can cause dental issues (malocclusion, root resorption), and accidental poisoning. Children who continue to suck their thumbs may face negative social perceptions.
Nail Biting
- Prevalence: A common habit, common in children (41.6%) and adults (10%).
- Impact: Chronic biting can damage nail tissue, produce infections, and shorten tooth roots. Negative social perceptions are possible.
Etiological Theories (General)
- Biological: Genetic factors are suspected in tic disorders and possible deficiencies in neurotransmitters (like dopamine) may play a part.
- Behavioral: Learned behavior (reinforced by tension reduction) is a theory for many habit disorders. Self-stimulation, social reinforcement, or escape from stressful situations are proposed as contributors.
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Description
Explore the essentials of habit and tic disorders in this quiz, including their definitions, prevalence, and clinical significance. Understand common habit behaviors such as trichotillomania and motor tics, including Tourette's syndrome.
