55 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for endometrial cancer?
Use of oral contraceptives
Which type of endometrial cancer is NOT estrogen dependent?
Serous endometrial cancer
What is the initial surgical approach for low-risk endometrial cancer patients?
Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Which factor is the single most important prognostic factor for endometrial cancer?
Tumor grade
What is the recommended surveillance for high-risk endometrial cancer patients (stage 3 & 4)?
CA 125 levels every 6 months
What is the most common type of endometrial cancer?
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Which genetic disorder is associated with an increased risk of endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancer?
Lynch syndrome
What is the recommended treatment for endometrial cancer grade 1 if future fertility is desired?
Progestin therapy
Which type of urinary incontinence is characterized by involuntary leakage associated with urgency?
Mixed incontinence
What is the gold standard for diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma's most common histological type?
Dilatation and curettage
Which imaging modality is typically the initial choice for evaluating the female reproductive system?
Ultrasound
What defines the diagnosis of menopause?
12 months without a period
Which type of pelvic organ prolapse involves the herniation of the bladder into the vaginal wall?
Cystocele
Which type of ovarian neoplasm is NOT considered a malignant tumor?
Functional cysts
What is the primary focus of informed consent for medical procedures?
Shared decision-making
Which type of hysteroscopy involves the removal of abnormal tissue using a wire loop?
Operative hysteroscopy
What is the most common histological type of endometrial adenocarcinoma?
Endometrioid carcinoma
What is the primary symptom associated with menopause?
Hot flashes
Which type of ovarian neoplasm arises from the cells that produce eggs?
Germ cell tumors
What is the primary characteristic of stress urinary incontinence?
Involuntary leakage with physical exertion
What is the most common abnormality of the uterus?
Bicornate uterus
Which imaging method is recommended for identifying endometrial carcinoma?
MRI
What is the recommended treatment for a live ectopic pregnancy?
Transvaginal methotrexate
What is the most common cause of abnormal bleeds related to calcified fibroids?
Highly vascular nature
Which imaging method is preferred for evaluating the normal ovary?
Ultrasound (US)
What is the most common benign epithelial neoplasm of the ovary?
Ovarian Cystadenoma
What is the result of a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) in the case of tubal-occlusion?
Hydrosalpinx
What is the imaging method of choice for identifying metastatic lesions in the peritoneum and pleural effusion?
CT scan
What is the recommended imaging method for evaluating the pelvic masses in non-obstetric (OB) patients?
CT scan
What is the main concern regarding the use of CT in obstetric (OB) patients?
Ionizing radiation
Which imaging method is recommended for identifying ovarian torsion as a surgical emergency?
Ultrasound (US)
What is the preferred method for identifying a normal MRI?
H molecules line up
Which imaging modality is typically the initial choice for evaluating the female reproductive system?
Ultrasound (US)
What is the recommended treatment for a live ectopic pregnancy?
Methotrexate
What defines the diagnosis of menopause?
12 consecutive months without menstruation
What is the primary characteristic of stress urinary incontinence?
Involuntary leakage associated with coughing or sneezing
What is the most common benign epithelial neoplasm of the ovary?
Ovarian Cystadenoma
Which imaging method is recommended for identifying endometrial carcinoma?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Which type of pelvic organ prolapse involves the herniation of the bladder into the vaginal wall?
Cystocele
What is the primary focus of informed consent for medical procedures?
Explanation of the procedure and its risks
What is the recommended surveillance for high-risk endometrial cancer patients (stage 3 & 4)?
PET-CT scans annually
What is the result of a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) in the case of tubal-occlusion?
No spillage of contrast into the peritoneal cavity
What is the recommended imaging method for evaluating the pelvic masses in non-obstetric (OB) patients?
Computed Tomography (CT)
Which imaging modality is typically the initial choice for evaluating the female reproductive system?
Ultrasound (US)
What is the primary symptom associated with tubal-occlusion (Essure birth control)?
Infertility
Which type of neoplasm can be characterized by the presence of fat, hair, teeth, and cartilage?
Ovarian Dermoid/Teratoma
What is the recommended imaging method for assessing endometrial carcinoma?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
What is the primary concern regarding the use of gadolinium in imaging during pregnancy?
Accumulation in amniotic fluid
Which imaging modality uses ionizing radiation and is often avoided in obstetric (OB) patients?
Computed Tomography (CT)
What is the primary concern associated with fluoroscopy?
Ionizing radiation
Which imaging method is recommended for evaluating pelvic masses and trauma?
Computed Tomography (CT)
What is the primary advantage of MRI over CT?
Good soft tissue resolution
Which imaging modality requires a full bladder as an acoustic window for certain examinations?
Ultrasound (US)
Which imaging method is typically used for evaluating superficial glands like the thyroid?
18 MHz Doppler ultrasound
What is the primary advantage of ultrasound (US) over X-ray?
Good soft tissue resolution
Study Notes
Gynecologic and Urologic Procedures and Conditions
- Endometrial adenocarcinoma's most common histological type is endometrioid, and the gold standard for diagnosis is dilatation and curettage.
- Urinary incontinence can be stress, urge, latch key, mixed, or overflow, each with distinct diagnostic and treatment approaches.
- Pelvic organ prolapse can involve cystocele, rectocele, cervico-uterine prolapse, vaginal apex prolapse, or enterocele, and management varies based on symptoms.
- Ovarian neoplasms have various risk factors, symptoms, and types, including functional cysts, benign neoplasms, germ cell tumors, stromal tumors, and ovarian carcinoma.
- Menopause is diagnosed after 12 months without a period and presents with various physiological changes and symptoms, such as hot flashes and genitourinary complaints.
- Common procedures of the genitourinary system include sonohysterogram, colposcopy, colposcopy with LEEP, hysterosalpingogram, dilation and curettage, hysteroscopy, and various types of hysterectomy.
- Informed consent for procedures involves discussing the procedure, reasons, expectations, patient preferences, alternatives, risks, expenses, and shared decision-making.
- Imaging choices for the female reproductive system start with ultrasound and may progress to MRI, CT, X-ray, and fluoroscopy based on the clinical scenario.
Test your knowledge of gynecologic and urologic procedures and conditions with this quiz. Explore topics such as endometrial adenocarcinoma, urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, ovarian neoplasms, menopause, common procedures of the genitourinary system, informed consent, and imaging choices for the female reproductive system.
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