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Questions and Answers
A complete gynecologic examination consists of a breast examination and a pelvic examination.
A complete gynecologic examination consists of a breast examination and a pelvic examination.
True (A)
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a woman perform a breast self-examination weekly.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a woman perform a breast self-examination weekly.
False (B)
The purpose of the Pap test is for early detection of cervical cancer.
The purpose of the Pap test is for early detection of cervical cancer.
True (A)
The patient should be instructed to douche before having a Pap test.
The patient should be instructed to douche before having a Pap test.
Trichomoniasis produces a profuse, frothy vaginal discharge.
Trichomoniasis produces a profuse, frothy vaginal discharge.
Another name for candidiasis is a yeast infection.
Another name for candidiasis is a yeast infection.
Prenatal refers to the care of the pregnant woman before delivery of the infant.
Prenatal refers to the care of the pregnant woman before delivery of the infant.
During each return prenatal visit, the mother's urine is tested for glucose and protein.
During each return prenatal visit, the mother's urine is tested for glucose and protein.
The normal range for the fetal pulse rate is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.
The normal range for the fetal pulse rate is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.
Amniocentesis can be used to diagnose certain genetically transmitted conditions.
Amniocentesis can be used to diagnose certain genetically transmitted conditions.
The patient position for a breast examination is the lithotomy position.
The patient position for a breast examination is the lithotomy position.
Most breast lumps are discovered by the physician.
Most breast lumps are discovered by the physician.
Trichomoniasis is caused by a virus.
Trichomoniasis is caused by a virus.
Chlamydia often occurs in association with syphilis.
Chlamydia often occurs in association with syphilis.
In the absence of complications, the first prenatal visit should be scheduled after a woman misses her first period.
In the absence of complications, the first prenatal visit should be scheduled after a woman misses her first period.
True labor pains are referred to as Braxton Hicks contractions.
True labor pains are referred to as Braxton Hicks contractions.
The purpose of measuring fundal height is to determine the degree of cervical dilation and effacement.
The purpose of measuring fundal height is to determine the degree of cervical dilation and effacement.
The fetal heart tones can first be detected between 4 and 6 weeks of gestation using a Doppler fetal pulse detector.
The fetal heart tones can first be detected between 4 and 6 weeks of gestation using a Doppler fetal pulse detector.
Obstetric ultrasound scanning is used to assess fetal lung maturity.
Obstetric ultrasound scanning is used to assess fetal lung maturity.
The perineum is the period of time in which the body systems are returning to their prepregnant state.
The perineum is the period of time in which the body systems are returning to their prepregnant state.
What is the purpose of the gynecologic examination?
What is the purpose of the gynecologic examination?
What is the purpose of performing a breast examination?
What is the purpose of performing a breast examination?
How often should a woman perform a breast self-examination at home? When should it be performed in relation to the menstrual cycle and why?
How often should a woman perform a breast self-examination at home? When should it be performed in relation to the menstrual cycle and why?
What are the components of the pelvic examination?
What are the components of the pelvic examination?
What position is generally used for the pelvic examination?
What position is generally used for the pelvic examination?
How can the medical assistant help the patient to relax during the pelvic examination?
How can the medical assistant help the patient to relax during the pelvic examination?
What is the function of a vaginal speculum?
What is the function of a vaginal speculum?
What is the purpose of performing a visual examination of the vagina and the cervix?
What is the purpose of performing a visual examination of the vagina and the cervix?
What are three examples of vaginal infections that cause a discharge?
What are three examples of vaginal infections that cause a discharge?
What is the purpose of performing a Pap test?
What is the purpose of performing a Pap test?
What causes most cervical cancers?
What causes most cervical cancers?
Describe the schedule for having a Pap test as recommended by the American Cancer Society.
Describe the schedule for having a Pap test as recommended by the American Cancer Society.
Why should the medical assistant instruct the patient not to douche or insert vaginal medications for 2 days before coming to the medical office to have a Pap test?
Why should the medical assistant instruct the patient not to douche or insert vaginal medications for 2 days before coming to the medical office to have a Pap test?
What are the three types of specimens that may be obtained for a Pap test? Where is each collected?
What are the three types of specimens that may be obtained for a Pap test? Where is each collected?
Why must the slides be fixed immediately after collection of a specimen for the direct-smear Pap test method?
Why must the slides be fixed immediately after collection of a specimen for the direct-smear Pap test method?
What are the advantages of using the liquid-based Pap test method?
What are the advantages of using the liquid-based Pap test method?
List three conditions that the maturation index can help to evaluate.
List three conditions that the maturation index can help to evaluate.
Why is the Bethesda System recommended for reporting the results of the Pap test?
Why is the Bethesda System recommended for reporting the results of the Pap test?
What is the purpose of performing the bimanual pelvic examination?
What is the purpose of performing the bimanual pelvic examination?
What is the purpose of the rectal-vaginal examination?
What is the purpose of the rectal-vaginal examination?
Describe the laboratory procedure that can be used to identify Trichomonas vaginalis in the medical office.
Describe the laboratory procedure that can be used to identify Trichomonas vaginalis in the medical office.
Describe the laboratory procedure that can be used to identify Candida albicans in the medical office.
Describe the laboratory procedure that can be used to identify Candida albicans in the medical office.
What are the symptoms of PID? What complications can occur from PID?
What are the symptoms of PID? What complications can occur from PID?
How are chlamydial and gonorrheal infections usually diagnosed?
How are chlamydial and gonorrheal infections usually diagnosed?
What is the purpose of prenatal care?
What is the purpose of prenatal care?
List the three categories of medical office visits for provision of prenatal and postnatal care to the pregnant woman.
List the three categories of medical office visits for provision of prenatal and postnatal care to the pregnant woman.
List the four components of the first prenatal visit.
List the four components of the first prenatal visit.
What is the purpose of the prenatal record?
What is the purpose of the prenatal record?
List two types of information included in the past medical history (of the prenatal record).
List two types of information included in the past medical history (of the prenatal record).
List three types of information included in the present pregnancy history.
List three types of information included in the present pregnancy history.
What are the warning signs of a spontaneous abortion?
What are the warning signs of a spontaneous abortion?
What are the warning signs of preeclampsia?
What are the warning signs of preeclampsia?
What is the purpose of the interval prenatal history?
What is the purpose of the interval prenatal history?
Explain the importance of performing a physical examination on the prenatal patient.
Explain the importance of performing a physical examination on the prenatal patient.
What is the importance of making sure that a pregnant woman does not have gonorrhea before delivery of the infant?
What is the importance of making sure that a pregnant woman does not have gonorrhea before delivery of the infant?
Why is a pregnant woman tested for group B streptococcus (GBS)? When is the woman tested for GBS?
Why is a pregnant woman tested for group B streptococcus (GBS)? When is the woman tested for GBS?
What is the purpose of performing a hemoglobin and hematocrit evaluation on a prenatal patient?
What is the purpose of performing a hemoglobin and hematocrit evaluation on a prenatal patient?
What is the importance of assessing the Rh factor and ABO blood type of a pregnant woman?
What is the importance of assessing the Rh factor and ABO blood type of a pregnant woman?
What is the purpose of performing a glucose challenge test on a pregnant woman?
What is the purpose of performing a glucose challenge test on a pregnant woman?
What is the purpose of performing a rubella titer test on a pregnant woman?
What is the purpose of performing a rubella titer test on a pregnant woman?
Why does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that pregnant women have a blood test to screen for exposure to the hepatitis B virus?
Why does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that pregnant women have a blood test to screen for exposure to the hepatitis B virus?
What is the purpose of the return prenatal visit? List the usual schedule for return prenatal visits.
What is the purpose of the return prenatal visit? List the usual schedule for return prenatal visits.
What tests are performed on the patient's urine specimen at each return visit and why is each performed?
What tests are performed on the patient's urine specimen at each return visit and why is each performed?
List two purposes of measuring the fundal height.
List two purposes of measuring the fundal height.
What is the normal range for the fetal heart rate?
What is the normal range for the fetal heart rate?
What is the purpose of performing a vaginal examination as the patient nears term?
What is the purpose of performing a vaginal examination as the patient nears term?
What is the purpose for performing each of the following special tests and procedures?
What is the purpose for performing each of the following special tests and procedures?
What is the purpose of the multiple marker test?
What is the purpose of the multiple marker test?
What is the purpose of the obstetric ultrasound scan?
What is the purpose of the obstetric ultrasound scan?
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Study Notes
Gynecologic Examination
- A complete gynecologic examination includes breast and pelvic examinations.
- The Pap test is crucial for early detection of cervical cancer.
- Douching before a Pap test should be avoided as it reduces the number of cells for analysis.
- Common vaginal infections causing discharge include trichomoniasis, candidiasis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
- Trichomoniasis leads to a profuse, frothy vaginal discharge, while candidiasis presents as a thick, cottage cheese-like discharge.
Prenatal Care
- Prenatal care focuses on the health of the pregnant woman before delivery.
- Regular urine tests for glucose and protein are performed during prenatal visits.
- A normal fetal heart rate ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute.
- The first prenatal visit should occur after the woman misses her period.
Pelvic Examination Details
- Components of a pelvic examination include inspection of external genitalia, collection of specimens for Pap tests, and bimanual pelvic examination.
- The lithotomy position is typically used for pelvic examinations.
- A vaginal speculum aids in visual inspection of the vagina and cervix.
Pap Test Protocol
- Women should not douche or use vaginal medications two days prior to a Pap test to ensure accurate results.
- The Bethesda System enhances communication of Pap test results through detailed descriptions instead of numerical results.
- There are three specimen types collected for Pap tests: vaginal, cervical, and endocervical.
Symptoms of STDs
- Trichomoniasis symptoms in females include a yellowish green discharge with an unpleasant odor and potential “strawberry cervix” appearance.
- Candidiasis symptoms involve intense itching and a thick, odorless discharge.
- In females, chlamydia may present with dysuria and yellow, odorless discharge, but often has no symptoms.
- Gonorrhea can lead to dysuria and yellow discharge in females, with males experiencing more noticeable symptoms.
Importance of Prenatal Visits
- Prenatal visits aim to educate the patient, prevent disease, and identify health issues early.
- The first prenatal visit encompasses health history documentation, physical examination, and lab tests.
- Key warning signs during pregnancy include symptoms of spontaneous abortion (abdominal cramps and vaginal bleeding) and preeclampsia (hypertension and edema).
Diagnostic Tests & Procedures
- A glucose challenge test screens for gestational diabetes mellitus.
- Assessing Rh factor and ABO blood type is essential to avoid potential incompatibilities that may harm the fetus.
- Routine evaluations include hemoglobin and hematocrit tests to monitor for anemia.
Follow-up and Monitoring
- Return prenatal visits allow for ongoing health assessments of the mother and fetus, scheduled based on gestational age.
- Measuring fundal height provides insights into fetal growth and position.
- A vaginal examination near term is performed to assess cervical dilation and effacement.
Diagnostic Imaging
- Obstetric ultrasounds are used to assess fetal health and establish gestational age.
- The multiple marker test screens for specific fetal abnormalities like neural tube defects.
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