Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of attack targets systems to disrupt their availability by overwhelming them with traffic?
Which type of attack targets systems to disrupt their availability by overwhelming them with traffic?
- Phishing attack
- Ransomware attack
- Man-in-the-middle attack
- Denial of Service (DoS) attack (correct)
What is defined as the probability or likelihood of the occurrence of a threat?
What is defined as the probability or likelihood of the occurrence of a threat?
- Threat
- Risk (correct)
- Asset
- Vulnerability
What is one potential consequence of the disclosure of confidential information?
What is one potential consequence of the disclosure of confidential information?
- Increased market share
- Improved public relations
- Enhanced customer loyalty
- Loss of revenue (correct)
Which of the following best describes assets in the context of security?
Which of the following best describes assets in the context of security?
Who are considered 'script kiddies' in the context of cybersecurity?
Who are considered 'script kiddies' in the context of cybersecurity?
What term is used to describe the risk that remains after implementing safeguards?
What term is used to describe the risk that remains after implementing safeguards?
What characterizes organized crime groups among threat actors?
What characterizes organized crime groups among threat actors?
What is an example of a specific tool designed to target critical infrastructure?
What is an example of a specific tool designed to target critical infrastructure?
Which category do hurricanes and flooding fall under in the context of security threats?
Which category do hurricanes and flooding fall under in the context of security threats?
In risk management, what does an increased vulnerability indicate?
In risk management, what does an increased vulnerability indicate?
In terms of risk management, what essential framework has been adopted by the U.S. federal government?
In terms of risk management, what essential framework has been adopted by the U.S. federal government?
What type of malware is designed to damage or destroy a system or data?
What type of malware is designed to damage or destroy a system or data?
What kind of risk is associated with unauthorized attacks by an insider or outsider on an organization’s infrastructure?
What kind of risk is associated with unauthorized attacks by an insider or outsider on an organization’s infrastructure?
What is a primary method used by attackers in today's DoS attacks?
What is a primary method used by attackers in today's DoS attacks?
Which of the following options best summarizes the components of risk?
Which of the following options best summarizes the components of risk?
What describes threats in an organizational context?
What describes threats in an organizational context?
What does ISO 27001 specify?
What does ISO 27001 specify?
Which of the following best describes a threat?
Which of the following best describes a threat?
What is the primary focus of ISO 27005?
What is the primary focus of ISO 27005?
Which document outlines how organizations can monitor and measure security?
Which document outlines how organizations can monitor and measure security?
In the context of security, what is a vulnerability?
In the context of security, what is a vulnerability?
What role does a threat actor have in an attack?
What role does a threat actor have in an attack?
What is the purpose of the ISO/IEC 27000 series?
What is the purpose of the ISO/IEC 27000 series?
What method is primarily used to perform attacks through vulnerabilities?
What method is primarily used to perform attacks through vulnerabilities?
Flashcards
Risk
Risk
The probability of a threat affecting an asset.
Assets
Assets
Things of value to an organization, physical or digital.
Threats
Threats
Events that could harm an organization's assets.
Vulnerabilities
Vulnerabilities
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Residual Risk
Residual Risk
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Risk Management Framework (RMF)
Risk Management Framework (RMF)
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Insider Threat
Insider Threat
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External Threat
External Threat
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Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure
Cyberattacks on critical infrastructure
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Stuxnet
Stuxnet
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Viruses and malware
Viruses and malware
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Disclosure of confidential information
Disclosure of confidential information
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DoS and DDoS Attacks
DoS and DDoS Attacks
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Threat Actors
Threat Actors
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Script kiddies
Script kiddies
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Organized crime groups
Organized crime groups
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ISO 27000 Series
ISO 27000 Series
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ISO 27001
ISO 27001
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ISO 27002
ISO 27002
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Threat Agent
Threat Agent
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Latent Threat
Latent Threat
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Realized Threat
Realized Threat
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Exploit
Exploit
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Study Notes
Cybersecurity Fundamentals
- Cybersecurity programs aim to protect all connections and organizational data, regardless of storage or transmission.
- Cybersecurity concepts include the difference between threats, vulnerabilities, and exploits.
- Common threats include viruses, Trojans, DoS/DDoS attacks, phishing, rootkits, man-in-the-middle attacks, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting.
- Common software and hardware vulnerabilities include weak or hardcoded passwords, software bugs, missing encryption, buffer overflows, and path traversal.
- The CIA triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) defines security policies to protect assets.
- Cloud security threats include data breaches, insecure APIs, DoS attacks, and compromised credentials.
- IoT (Internet of Things) security threats include device vulnerabilities, lack of security features, and physical access issues.
- Digital forensics and incident response (DFIR) involves understanding digital evidence and responding to security incidents.
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
- The quiz assesses prior knowledge of the chapter's topics, helping determine if the entire chapter or relevant sections should be read.
- Questions cover introduction to cybersecurity, definitions, common threats, vulnerabilities, CIA triad, cloud security, and IoT security.
Technical Questions
- A threat is any potential danger to an asset.
- A vulnerability is a weakness in system design, implementation, software, code, or a missing mechanism
- An exploit is a piece of software, tool, or process that takes advantage of a vulnerability.
- Malware attack mechanisms include Master Boot Record, File Infector, Macro Infector, etc.
- Vulnerability is identified by a CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) identifier.
- SQL injection attacks can be blind, out-of-band, or in-band.
- A web application vulnerability occurs when a flaw is in a web application targeting an end user.
- A denial-of-service attack impacts availability.
- Security mechanisms like encryption, controlled traffic routing, and access controls preserve confidentiality.
- Cloud deployment models include public, private, community, and hybrid.
Risk, Assets, Threats, and Vulnerabilities
- Risk is the probability a threat will manifest.
- An asset has economic value to an individual or organization.
- A threat actor is an individual or group responsible for security incidents.
- Natural disasters, user attacks, and disclosure of confidential information threaten systems.
Defining Threat Actors
- Script kiddies use existing tools to attack systems.
- Organized crime groups aim to steal information and make money.
- State-sponsored actors steal data or conduct political attacks.
- Hacktivists perform attacks to promote a cause.
- Terrorist groups perform attacks based on political or religious beliefs.
Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Exploits
- A security threat is any potential danger to an asset.
- Security vulnerabilities include flaws in systems, software, or code.
- An exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability during a security breach.
Viruses and Worms
- Viruses need an existing program to infect; Worms can spread independently.
- Spyware, a type of malware, steals information without user acknowledgement.
- Malware uses several propagation methods including master boot record infection, BIOS infection, file infection, and macro infection.
Malware Payloads
- Malware may overwrite parts of an infected file, put the code at the beginning or end, or prepender or appender.
- Malware detection is increasingly challenging due to the variety of techniques used to obfuscate code, encrypt, and make malicious code undetectable by antivirus software.
Trojan Types
- Remote Access Trojans (RATs) give attackers complete control over the system.
- Data hiding Trojans hide the data, usually involving ransom payments for release.
- Banking Trojans steal banking information.
- Denial-of-Service (DoS) Trojans disrupt services by overwhelming them.
- Proxy Trojans mask attackers' identity.
- FTP Trojans allow malicious file transfer.
Cloud Security Threats
- Cloud security threats include data breaches, insecure APIs, DoS attacks, and privilege escalation.
IoT Security Threats
- IoT device vulnerabilities, lack of security features, compromised credentials, and physical access.
Incident Response
- Incident response addresses security incidents, providing a predictable and managed response.
- Incident response plans (IRPs), policies, procedures, and personnel are components of a response program.
- Incident classification and handling, information classification and protection, record retention and destruction, and acceptable usage of encryption are all important considerations during incident response.
Incident Response Teams
- CSIRT (Computer Security Incident Response Team) is responsible for investigating and resolving computer security incidents.
- PSIRT (Product Security Incident Response Team) handles security vulnerabilities in products or services.
Common Vulnerability Scoring Systems (CVSS)
- CVSS provides a standardized method for scoring vulnerabilities based on the severity, such as base, temporal, and environmental aspects for analysis.
Security Vulnerabilities in Open-Source Software
- Open-source software vulnerabilities frequently require urgent attention, so organizations and individuals routinely update software and tools.
Digital Forensics and Incident Response (DFIR)
- Digital evidence preservation ensures evidence integrity from collection through presentation in a court of law.
- Digital forensics and incident response methodologies involve policies, plans, procedures, and personnel.
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