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Questions and Answers
What structure do the pleuroperitoneal membranes form in the diaphragm?
What structure do the pleuroperitoneal membranes form in the diaphragm?
From which cervical segments do the muscle cells of the diaphragm originate?
From which cervical segments do the muscle cells of the diaphragm originate?
Which spinal nerve structure is responsible for the innervation of the diaphragm?
Which spinal nerve structure is responsible for the innervation of the diaphragm?
What developmental process causes the diaphragm to move to its final location?
What developmental process causes the diaphragm to move to its final location?
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Which of the following is NOT involved in the formation of the diaphragm?
Which of the following is NOT involved in the formation of the diaphragm?
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What structure forms the gut tube during the early development of the embryo?
What structure forms the gut tube during the early development of the embryo?
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Which layer of the lateral plate mesoderm is adjacent to the surface ectoderm?
Which layer of the lateral plate mesoderm is adjacent to the surface ectoderm?
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What is the primitive body cavity composed of?
What is the primitive body cavity composed of?
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Which of the following components plays a role in forming the skull and vertebrae?
Which of the following components plays a role in forming the skull and vertebrae?
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What are the two layers formed from the differentiation of lateral plate mesoderm?
What are the two layers formed from the differentiation of lateral plate mesoderm?
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During the process of neurulation, which structure rolls up to form the brain and spinal cord?
During the process of neurulation, which structure rolls up to form the brain and spinal cord?
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What is the relationship between the visceral layer and the gut tube?
What is the relationship between the visceral layer and the gut tube?
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Which of the following regions is NOT subdivided at the early stage of embryo development?
Which of the following regions is NOT subdivided at the early stage of embryo development?
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What is the primary function of the septum transversum during embryonic development?
What is the primary function of the septum transversum during embryonic development?
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How do the pleuropericardial membranes contribute to the thoracic cavity?
How do the pleuropericardial membranes contribute to the thoracic cavity?
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What separates the pleural cavities from the pericardial cavity in adults?
What separates the pleural cavities from the pericardial cavity in adults?
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What happens to the pericardioperitoneal canals as lung buds expand?
What happens to the pericardioperitoneal canals as lung buds expand?
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What initiates the formation of the definitive walls of the thorax?
What initiates the formation of the definitive walls of the thorax?
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Which structure is responsible for the communication between the pleural and peritoneal cavities during development?
Which structure is responsible for the communication between the pleural and peritoneal cavities during development?
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What structural change occurs to the pleuropericardial membranes after forming?
What structural change occurs to the pleuropericardial membranes after forming?
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Which component of mesodermal tissue contributes to the formation of the diaphragm?
Which component of mesodermal tissue contributes to the formation of the diaphragm?
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What forms the lateral body wall folds during the fourth week of embryonic development?
What forms the lateral body wall folds during the fourth week of embryonic development?
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Which layer of mesoderm grows ventrally to assist in closing the gut tube?
Which layer of mesoderm grows ventrally to assist in closing the gut tube?
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What structure is formed from the connection between the midgut region and the yolk sac?
What structure is formed from the connection between the midgut region and the yolk sac?
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Which of the following best describes the continuous relationship between the parietal and visceral layers of mesoderm?
Which of the following best describes the continuous relationship between the parietal and visceral layers of mesoderm?
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Which cavity is lined by the parietal layer of the serous membranes?
Which cavity is lined by the parietal layer of the serous membranes?
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What type of mesentery exists only from the caudal foregut to the upper portion of the duodenum?
What type of mesentery exists only from the caudal foregut to the upper portion of the duodenum?
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What occurs with the Vitelline duct during the second to third months of gestation?
What occurs with the Vitelline duct during the second to third months of gestation?
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Which layer forms the visceral layer of the serous membranes that cover the abdominal organs?
Which layer forms the visceral layer of the serous membranes that cover the abdominal organs?
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Study Notes
Gut Tube and Body Cavities
- The gut tube forms from the endoderm layer, rolling down
- The neural tube forms from the ectoderm layer, rolling up
- Mesoderm holds the two tubes together
- Mesoderm splits into visceral and parietal layers
- Visceral layer connects to the gut tube
- Parietal layer forms the lateral body wall folds
- The space between visceral and parietal layers is the primitive body cavity
- The primitive body cavity is initially continuous
- The primitive cavity later divides into pericardial, pleural, and abdomino-pelvic regions
Formation of the Body Cavity
- At the end of the 3rd week, intraembryonic mesoderm differentiates
- Paraxial mesoderm forms somitomeres/somites
- Intermediate mesoderm contributes to the urogenital system
- Lateral plate mesoderm forms the body cavity
- Mesoderm divides into parietal and visceral layers
- Parietal layer is adjacent to surface ectoderm and extra-embryonic parietal mesoderm
- Visceral layer is adjacent to endoderm of gut tube and extra-embryonic visceral mesoderm
- Somatopleure = parietal layer + ectoderm
- Splanchnopleure = visceral layer + endoderm
- The space between these layers forms the primitive body cavity
Serous Membranes
- Cells of parietal layer become mesothelial, forming parietal serous membranes
- Cells of visceral layer form visceral serous membranes
- Visceral and parietal layers are continuous, forming the dorsal mesentery
- Dorsal mesentery extends from foregut to hindgut
- Ventral mesentery extends from foregut to duodenum
- Mesenteries – connective tissue scaffolds for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Diaphragm and Thoracic Cavity
- The septum transversum is a mesodermal plate between the thoracic & yolk sac stalks.
- The septum separates the thoracic & abdominal cavities
- Initially, the septum leaves pericardioperitoneal canals
- Lung buds grow and expand laterally, forcing the pericardioperitoneal canals to shrink.
- The lungs expand into the body wall dorsally, laterally, and ventrally
- Ventral and lateral expansion is posterior to the pleuropericardial folds
Formation of the Diaphragm
- Diaphragm folds project into the primitive thoracic cavity
- The folds consist of mesoderm of the body wall
- Two components: definitive thorax wall and pleuropericardial membranes containing cardinal veins & phrenic nerves
- Descent of the heart and sinus venosus cause pleuropericardial membranes to shift
- The membranes fuse, creating the thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity and two pleural cavities.
- Diaphragm is derived from pleuroperitoneal membranes, cervical muscle components, and esophageal mesentery
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Description
This quiz explores the formation and structure of the gut tube and body cavities during embryonic development. It covers the roles of endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm layers, as well as the differentiation of the body cavities. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in embryology!
