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Questions and Answers
What is a common early symptom of GBS related to sensory loss?
What is a common early symptom of GBS related to sensory loss?
Which of the following is an example of autonomic nervous system involvement in GBS?
Which of the following is an example of autonomic nervous system involvement in GBS?
What diagnostic method is used to confirm a GBS diagnosis?
What diagnostic method is used to confirm a GBS diagnosis?
What percentage of patients with GBS are expected to walk independently six months after diagnosis?
What percentage of patients with GBS are expected to walk independently six months after diagnosis?
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Which medical procedure is commonly used to reduce severity of GBS?
Which medical procedure is commonly used to reduce severity of GBS?
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Which symptom is most frequently reported by individuals with GBS?
Which symptom is most frequently reported by individuals with GBS?
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Which professional may assist a GBS patient experiencing speech or swallowing impairments?
Which professional may assist a GBS patient experiencing speech or swallowing impairments?
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What is the prognosis for recovery of motor strength in GBS patients after one year?
What is the prognosis for recovery of motor strength in GBS patients after one year?
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What is a primary focus of physical therapy for clients with GBS?
What is a primary focus of physical therapy for clients with GBS?
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During which phase of GBS do evaluations typically occur in intensive care?
During which phase of GBS do evaluations typically occur in intensive care?
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Which of the following is an intervention in the recovery phase for clients with GBS?
Which of the following is an intervention in the recovery phase for clients with GBS?
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What does the assessment in the plateau phase of GBS cover?
What does the assessment in the plateau phase of GBS cover?
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How are modifications viewed during the plateau phase of occupational therapy for GBS?
How are modifications viewed during the plateau phase of occupational therapy for GBS?
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What is an important aspect of occupational therapy evaluation during the recovery phase?
What is an important aspect of occupational therapy evaluation during the recovery phase?
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What role do caregivers play during the plateau phase interventions?
What role do caregivers play during the plateau phase interventions?
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Which of the following is NOT typically part of the occupational therapy evaluation for GBS clients?
Which of the following is NOT typically part of the occupational therapy evaluation for GBS clients?
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What is the main purpose of Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease?
What is the main purpose of Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease?
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Which stage of Parkinson's Disease is characterized by significant functional impairment and the need for assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs)?
Which stage of Parkinson's Disease is characterized by significant functional impairment and the need for assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs)?
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What is a common side effect of Levodopa treatment for Parkinson's Disease?
What is a common side effect of Levodopa treatment for Parkinson's Disease?
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What type of therapy is recommended for addressing dysphagia and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's Disease?
What type of therapy is recommended for addressing dysphagia and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's Disease?
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Which surgical procedure involves the application of heat to destroy part of the globus pallidus?
Which surgical procedure involves the application of heat to destroy part of the globus pallidus?
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Which of the following medications is NOT typically used in the management of Parkinson's Disease?
Which of the following medications is NOT typically used in the management of Parkinson's Disease?
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What is a primary characteristic of the middle stage of dementia related to daily living activities?
What is a primary characteristic of the middle stage of dementia related to daily living activities?
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Which stage of Parkinson's Disease is characterized by unilateral symptoms and maintained function?
Which stage of Parkinson's Disease is characterized by unilateral symptoms and maintained function?
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What is the primary goal of physical therapy in managing Parkinson's Disease?
What is the primary goal of physical therapy in managing Parkinson's Disease?
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Which of the following best describes the late stage of dementia?
Which of the following best describes the late stage of dementia?
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What is the key focus of occupational therapy interventions for individuals with dementia?
What is the key focus of occupational therapy interventions for individuals with dementia?
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What challenges may emerge regarding safety during the middle stage of dementia?
What challenges may emerge regarding safety during the middle stage of dementia?
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Which assessment method should be utilized alongside standardized assessments for clients with dementia?
Which assessment method should be utilized alongside standardized assessments for clients with dementia?
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At which stage of dementia is the individual likely to experience diminished orientation?
At which stage of dementia is the individual likely to experience diminished orientation?
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What type of training is a key feature of occupational therapy interventions addressing cognition in dementia?
What type of training is a key feature of occupational therapy interventions addressing cognition in dementia?
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Which statement accurately reflects the cognitive abilities during the late stage of dementia?
Which statement accurately reflects the cognitive abilities during the late stage of dementia?
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What is one recommended feeding adaptation for clients to help reduce symptoms during meals?
What is one recommended feeding adaptation for clients to help reduce symptoms during meals?
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How does LSVT BIG benefit individuals with movement disorders?
How does LSVT BIG benefit individuals with movement disorders?
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Which of the following is a communication adaptation suggested for clients?
Which of the following is a communication adaptation suggested for clients?
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What is one important aspect of creating a sexual routine for clients?
What is one important aspect of creating a sexual routine for clients?
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Why might distal wrist weights be recommended for clients?
Why might distal wrist weights be recommended for clients?
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In communication adaptations, what kind of technology can help clients simplify phone tasks?
In communication adaptations, what kind of technology can help clients simplify phone tasks?
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What is a common misconception regarding feeding adaptations?
What is a common misconception regarding feeding adaptations?
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When educating a client about communication, what method can support clearer responses?
When educating a client about communication, what method can support clearer responses?
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What is the main purpose of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index?
What is the main purpose of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index?
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Which organization provided guidelines for occupational therapy practice for adults with multiple sclerosis?
Which organization provided guidelines for occupational therapy practice for adults with multiple sclerosis?
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What does the Mini-Mental State examination primarily assess?
What does the Mini-Mental State examination primarily assess?
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In which publication would you find information on disorders of the motor unit?
In which publication would you find information on disorders of the motor unit?
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What is a key component of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment?
What is a key component of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment?
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Which edition of 'Medical and psychosocial aspects of chronic illness and disability' is referenced?
Which edition of 'Medical and psychosocial aspects of chronic illness and disability' is referenced?
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What type of assessment is the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills categorized as?
What type of assessment is the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills categorized as?
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Which specific condition is associated with the guidelines provided by the CDC?
Which specific condition is associated with the guidelines provided by the CDC?
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Study Notes
Neurodegenerative Conditions
- Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive, often chronic conditions that damage the peripheral or central nervous system or both. Examples include ALS, dementia, GBS, HD, MS, and PD.
- Clients with these conditions often require occupational therapy.
Common Terminology
- Akinesia: Impaired initiation of voluntary and spontaneous movement, often seen during gait.
- Bradykinesia: Slowed movement.
- Dysmetria: Impaired coordination of movement.
- Rigidity: Muscle stiffness that limits movement.
- Fasciculation: Involuntary muscle twitching.
- Festinating gait: Small, rapid steps from forward-tilted head and trunk posture.
- Paresthesia: Numbness and tingling due to sensory nerve changes.
Occupational Therapy Evaluation
- The evaluation process aims to understand the client's needs and desired activities.
- It assesses personal abilities, environment, motor and praxis skills, sensory-perceptual skills, emotional regulation, cognition, and communication skills.
- Detailed exploration of client roles, daily habits, and routines using standardized and non-standardized assessments, observations, and interviews are part of the process.
- The client's priorities for occupational activities during intervention are identified.
- The evaluation focuses on how variable symptoms (e.g., daily, weekly, seasonal) affect the client and disease progression.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- ALS is a progressive, degenerative disease.
- Motor neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral system are destroyed and replaced by scar tissue.
- Progressive muscle atrophy results.
- Exact causes are unknown, but it involves genetic, viral, retroviral, autoimmune, metabolic, and neurotoxic factors.
- More prevalent in men.
- It is also called Lou Gehrig's disease.
- Symptoms progress distally to proximally.
Signs and Symptoms of ALS
- Initial symptoms involve weakness in the small hand muscles or foot drop.
- Difficulty with tasks like fastening clothes, walking, running, and swallowing.
- Bulbar tract involvement leads to speech difficulties, breathing issues, and swallowing problems.
Stages of ALS
- Stage I: Some weakness, independent with ADLs, able to walk.
- Stage II: Moderate weakness, able to walk.
- Stage III: Severe weakness, able to walk, needs assistance with ADLs.
- Stage IV: Severe weakness, requires wheelchair, needs some assistance with ADLs.
- Stage V: Severe weakness, wheelchair dependent for mobility, dependent for ADLs.
- Stage VI: Unable to get out of bed, dependent for ADLs and most self-care tasks.
Dementia
- Alzheimer's disease (AD): Cortical atrophy of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes causes neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-beta senile plaques.
- Vascular dementia: Series of small strokes on the brain. Causes focal lesions and neurotransmitter disruption.
- Frontotemporal dementia: Neurons, intranuclear inclusions. Causes progressive aphasia/corticobasal syndrome
- Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): Lewy body proteins in the brain (limbic or neocortical areas). Characterized with fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction.
Effects of Dementia on Occupational Performance
- Early stage: intact ADLs; IADLs are affected.
- Middle stage: All areas of occupation are affected; IADLs, mobility, and social functions decline.
- Late stage: Loss of all occupational functions, total dependence on others for ADLs.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
- An inflammatory disease causing demyelination of axons in peripheral nerves.
- Causes are uncertain but likely related to viral infections (diarrhea or respiratory illness).
- Symptoms typically ascend, starting in the feet and progressing to the upper body.
- Affects respiratory muscles; some patients require mechanical ventilation.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- A chronic, often progressive, demyelinating disease impacting the central nervous system.
- Myelin sheath destruction affects nerve conduction.
- Diverse symptoms & progression.
- Most commonly diagnosed ages 20-50.
Parkinson's Disease (PD)
- Highly variable progression; neurodegenerative brain disease.
- Loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, which affects movement, cognition, and affect.
- Key symptoms: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability.
- Additional symptoms: gait problems, postural instability, dementia, anxiety, and depression
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Description
Test your knowledge on Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) with this quiz covering symptoms, diagnosis, and recovery processes. Each question explores key aspects of GBS, including patient care and therapy interventions. Perfect for healthcare professionals or students studying neurology.
