Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of Guillain-Barré Syndrome during the initial phase?
In the plateau phase of Guillain-Barré Syndrome, the patient's condition improves significantly.
False
What is the typical duration of the initial phase of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
1-3 weeks
The recovery phase of Guillain-Barré Syndrome may take up to _____ years.
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Match the phases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome with their descriptions:
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Which of the following interventions is crucial in managing a patient with Guillain-Barré Syndrome?
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Elevated protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are a hallmark of Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
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Name one treatment option for Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of encephalitis?
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The primary treatment for encephalitis includes managing pain and preventing seizures.
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What intervention should be avoided to prevent increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
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Patients with disuse syndrome may experience _______ in addition to muscle weakness and joint stiffness.
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Which of the following complications is related to disuse syndrome?
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Match each condition to its corresponding treatment or management strategy.
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List one intervention to monitor for increased ICP in patients.
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Elevating the head of the bed is a recommended intervention for managing increased ICP.
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Which of the following is primarily affected in ALS?
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Patients with ALS usually maintain their intellectual abilities despite physical deterioration.
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What is a common cause of death in patients with ALS?
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The disease known as Lou Gehrig's disease is medically referred to as ______.
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with ALS?
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Match the following conditions with their key characteristic:
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There is a known cure for Huntington Disease.
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What kind of therapy is mainly used for patients with ALS?
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Study Notes
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
- Autoimmune disorder triggered by viral infections that primarily affects motor and sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
- Characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nerves.
Phases of GBS
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Initial phase (1-3 weeks):
- Symptoms include bilateral muscle weakness or paralysis starting from lower extremities and ascending.
- Additional symptoms: visual and hearing disturbances, difficulty chewing, reduced facial expressions, and glove or stocking-pattern numbness.
- Signs of autonomic dysfunction: hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, excessive sweating, paralytic ileus, and urinary retention.
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Plateau phase (days to 2 weeks):
- Condition stabilizes; no further decline occurs, but improvement is not guaranteed.
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Recovery phase:
- Can take up to 2 years, with potential for permanent changes.
- Remyelination occurs, and muscle strength generally returns in a proximal-to-distal pattern (head to toes).
Diagnosis
- Diagnosis based on distinct onset and pattern of ascending motor impairment.
- Laboratory findings include elevated protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and slowed nerve conduction velocities on testing.
Medical Treatment
- Essential to monitor and maintain respiratory function closely.
- Mechanical ventilation may be required if vital capacity drops below 15 mL/kg of body weight.
- Treatments include corticosteroids and plasmapheresis to eliminate harmful antibodies.
Nursing Interventions
- Continuous monitoring of respiratory status with readiness for possible mechanical ventilation.
- Positioning patient every two hours and suctioning when necessary.
- Be aware of potential Disuse Syndrome; take precautions to prevent complications from immobility.
- Administer tube feedings as prescribed and implement fall precautions.
Other Neurological Disorders
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS):
- Degenerative disease affecting anterior horn cells and corticospinal tracts, leading to rapid progression and typically death within 3 years.
- Symptoms include muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and shallow respirations.
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Huntington's Disease:
- Inherited disorder beginning in middle adulthood; marked by chorea, emotional disturbances, and cognitive decline, leading to increasing disability and death within 15-20 years.
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Myasthenia Gravis:
- Characterized by muscle weakness and potential risks such as increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
- Important to monitor respiratory status and manage complications from immobility.
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Encephalitis:
- Viral inflammation of brain tissue presenting with fever, confusion, and neurological deficits.
- Treatment focuses on symptom management and seizure precautions, similar to meningitis.
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Description
This quiz explores Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune condition that affects motor and sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. It covers the initial phases, symptoms, and the progression of the condition, along with its effects on the patient's body. Dive into the characteristics and challenges faced by individuals diagnosed with GBS.
