GST 115: Nigerian Peoples and Culture
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Questions and Answers

What significant advancement occurred during the New Stone Age (Neolithic)?

  • Domestication of animals (correct)
  • Construction of permanent buildings
  • Discovery of metals
  • Invention of the wheel

Which materials became prominent during the Bronze Age?

  • Glass and ceramics
  • Stone and wood
  • Iron and steel
  • Aluminium, copper, gold, and silver (correct)

Where in Nigeria were relics of Palaeolithic man found?

  • Bauchi area (correct)
  • Kaduna area
  • Lagos area
  • Benue valley

What change occurred in society during the Iron Age?

<p>Use of iron and steel for tools and weapons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Nok in Nigerian history?

<p>It was the first work of art and civilization in Nigeria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period was the Nok culture prominent?

<p>Palaeolithic Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT associated with the Bronze Age?

<p>Widespread use of iron tools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which early center of civilization in Nigeria is associated with artistry?

<p>Nok (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of culture does the text imply as a means of distinguishing people in different locations?

<p>Language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which notable cultural group is primarily associated with north-western Nigeria?

<p>Hausa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event is mentioned as significant in the establishment of the Hausa states?

<p>The Sokoto Jihad (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for founding the original Hausa states called Hausa Bakwai?

<p>Bawo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of culture?

<p>Fashion design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legend is associated with Bayajidda's arrival in Daura?

<p>Killing a snake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven original Hausa states?

<p>Ilorin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the Hausa states is correct?

<p>They were predominantly Islamic even before 1804. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary activity do the Kanuri women focus on while the men tend to livestock?

<p>Cow-milking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as part of Kanuri society?

<p>Fulani (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with establishing the Saifawa Dynasty in Kanem?

<p>Saif bin Dhi Yazan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the title of the hereditary king in the Kanem-Bornu political organization?

<p>Mai (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what centuries did the Kanuri people experience significant expansion in the area of Lake Chad?

<p>7th to 8th centuries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of culture did groups within Kanuri society primarily adopt?

<p>The Kanuri language and Islam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following territories do not fall under the Kanuri people’s location?

<p>Southern Cameroon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Mai forbidden to appear in public, except during festivals?

<p>To maintain his mystique (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Binemram primarily associated with in the Borno Empire?

<p>Tax on personal property (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which language is considered a major language of the Borno Empire?

<p>Kanuri (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the chief judge in the Kanuri culture?

<p>To administer Islamic law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to tradition, where is the origin of the Nupe people traced to?

<p>Egypt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of the Nupe state according to tradition?

<p>Edegi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What divine role did the Etsu Nupe hold in the Nupe kingdom?

<p>He was the head of the state. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following languages belongs to the Nupoid branch of the Benue-Congo languages?

<p>Gbari (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prince is known for re-establishing Nupe independence?

<p>Tsoede (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the principal political structure of the Benin Kingdom?

<p>Monarchical system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group in the Benin Kingdom were the highest-ranking chiefs and acted as king-makers?

<p>Uzama (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Oba of Benin expected to be in relation to the health of the kingdom?

<p>A sacred figure whose health was crucial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group was responsible for the Oba’s regalia, including his throne and ceremonial wardrobe?

<p>Iwebo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one function of the Eghaevbo N’ogbe in the Benin Kingdom?

<p>Serving as the palace chiefs with specific duties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Portuguese visitor came to Benin to exchange pleasantries during the reign of Oba Ewuare?

<p>Ray de Siqueira (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguished the Eghaevbo N’ore from the other chiefs in Benin?

<p>They were in charge of the Oba’s harem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which period did Benin send an ambassador to Lisbon, Portugal?

<p>1481-1504 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the principal exports of the Igbo women?

<p>Palm oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Ijaw groups are identified in the Western Delta region?

<p>Gbaramatu and Iduwini (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to migration tradition, who led the first group of migrants to establish the Ijaw?

<p>Olodia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What linguistic subgroup do the Ijaw people belong to?

<p>Niger-Congo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scholar suggested that Ijaw politico-religious institutions were established around the 15th century?

<p>Kenneth Dike (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Ijaw community speaks the Kalabari language?

<p>Eastern Delta Ijaw (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Alagoa's archaeological studies reveal about the Eastern Delta Ijaw?

<p>They were settled long before the Central Delta Ijaw. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following states is NOT mentioned as being home to the Ijaw ethnic group?

<p>Lagos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Paleolithic Age

The earliest period of human history, characterized by the use of stone tools and nomadic lifestyle.

Neolithic Age

A period marked by advancements like agriculture and animal domestication, though humans still moved around for resources.

Bronze Age

A period when metals like copper, bronze, and others were discovered and used for tools and art.

Iron Age

A period where iron and steel became the primary materials for tools and weapons, leading to societal changes.

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Nok Culture

The first known significant art and civilization in Nigeria and Africa, flourishing during the Stone Age and early Iron Age.

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Early centers of civilization

Important locations where significant cultural and historical developments occurred.

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Nok Village

A site, in Northern Nigeria where the earliest discovered artifacts from Nok culture were found.

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Historical sites

Places that hold significant historical events or cultural developments in history.

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What defines culture?

Culture encompasses all aspects of a group's way of life, including their traditions, beliefs, practices, and how they interact with their environment.

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What is the significance of culture?

Culture distinguishes one group of people from another, showcasing their unique adaptations and achievements.

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Hausa culture

The Hausa people are a prominent cultural group in Northern Nigeria known for their rich history, Islamic faith, and distinct traditions.

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Origin of the Hausa states

The seven original Hausa states emerged from a legend involving Bayajidda, who is said to have fled Baghdad and eventually founded the Hausa states.

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Hausa Bakwai

The seven original Hausa states, founded by Bayajidda's sons, are collectively known as the Hausa Bakwai.

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Hausa Banza Bakwa

The seven illegitimate states in Hausa culture, established by Bayajidda's descendants through a concubine.

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What is the Sokoto Jihad?

A major Islamic revolution that spread Islam and established a powerful caliphate across the Hausa states in the early 19th century.

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Sokoto Caliphate

A powerful Islamic state established by Usman dan Fodio after the Sokoto Jihad, encompassing many Hausa states.

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Kanuri Culture

The culture of the Kanuri people, characterized by their nomadic lifestyle, farming practices, and their history as founders of the Kanem-Bornu Empire.

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Kanuri Origin

The Kanuri people originated as one of many Nilo-Saharan groups in Central South Sahara, expanding their territory around Lake Chad and absorbing other cultural influences.

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Saifawa Dynasty

A powerful dynasty founded by Saif bin Dhi Yazan, credited with uniting the Kanuri people and establishing the Kanem Empire.

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Influence on Kanuri Culture

The Saifawa expansion brought in various cultural groups who adopted Kanuri language and Islam, resulting in a diverse and layered culture.

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Political Organization (Kanem-Bornu)

The Kanem-Bornu kingdom had a sophisticated political structure with a hereditary king, the Mai, who held significant power and authority.

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Mai's Role

The Mai, the king of Kanem-Bornu, ruled the kingdom, but rarely appeared in public, except during the annual festival.

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Kanem-Bornu's Advance Stage

The Kanem-Bornu kingdom was highly advanced in political organization compared to other Nigerian kingdoms before the colonial era.

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Kanuri Language and Islam

The Kanuri language and Islam are central elements of Kanuri culture, adopted by various groups who became part of the cultural fabric.

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Binemram

A tax levied on personal property in the Borno Empire.

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Sada’a

Royal revenue in the Borno Empire, distinct from taxes on personal property.

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Kanuri language

The major language of the Borno Empire, derived from Kanembu.

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Malakite law

The version of Islamic law administered by judges in the Borno Empire.

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Mainin kanendi

The chief judge in the capital of the Borno Empire.

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Mallamais

Judges in larger towns outside the capital of the Borno Empire.

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Etsu Nupe

The King of Nupeland, a title recognized and revered by the Nupe people.

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Nupe origin

The Nupe people trace their origin to Egypt, though several versions of the story exist.

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Benin's Role in Nigeria

The Benin kingdom played a significant role in the historical development of Nigeria, being the first to interact with Europeans and establish diplomatic relations.

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Oba's Power

The Oba, the Benin king, was the supreme political and religious leader, but not an absolute ruler. His health was seen as crucial to the kingdom's well-being.

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Uzama Chiefs

The most senior chiefs in Benin, known as Uzama, were the kingmakers and had semi-autonomous power in their respective settlements. They were hereditary titles.

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Eghaevbo N’ogbe

Palace chiefs who held specific roles in the Benin kingdom. They were divided into three freeborn associations known as Otu.

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Iwebo

The highest ranked association of Eghaevbo N’ogbe, led by Unwague. They were responsible for the Oba's regalia, including his throne and ceremonial attire.

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Iweguae

The second ranked Otu, serving as the Oba's personal attendants. They included cooks, servants, sword-bearers, spies, and errand boys.

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Ibiwe

The third ranked Otu, responsible for managing the Oba's harem, which consisted of his wives and children.

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Monarchical System

The Benin kingdom operated a monarchical system of government, with the Oba at the head, just like the Yoruba kingdom. The Oba held both political and religious power.

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Ijaw Culture

A cultural group inhabiting the Niger Delta of Nigeria, known for their unique traditions and settlements along the coastal belts.

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Ijaw Migration

The Ijaw people have a history of migrations, with different groups settling in various parts of the Niger Delta, influenced by factors such as trade and political changes.

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Ijaw Groups

Ijaw culture is divided into three main groups: Western Delta Ijaw, Central Delta Ijaw, and Eastern Delta Ijaw, with distinct settlements and traditions.

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Origin of Ijaw

The origin of the Ijaw is traced back to various migrations, with the first group originating from Benin and others migrating from Itsekiri and other coastal areas.

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Ijaw Language

The Ijaw people speak various languages depending on their location. The main language is 'Izon', while other groups speak languages like Kalabari, Edoid, and Cross-River languages.

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Ijaw Economy

The Ijaw economy relies on trade, fishing, and resource extraction, with palm oil and kernels being significant exports.

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Ijaw History

Ijaw history has been influenced by various factors, from migrations and trade to the establishment of political institutions and cultural formations.

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Ijaw Cultural Significance

Ijaw culture is rich in traditions, arts, beliefs, and social practices, contributing significantly to the diverse cultural landscape of Nigeria.

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Study Notes

GST 115: Nigerian Peoples and Culture

  • Course objective: Provide basic information about Nigeria's continuous human habitation from pre-historic to post-colonial times.
  • Course covers: Geographical location, Nigerian people and culture.
  • Course outline: Includes geographical background, ethnic groups, stages of civilization, cultural zones, colonial rule, independence, economy, and major environmental problems.
  • Recommended Textbooks: Fajana & Biggs (1970), Obaro, Ikime (1980), Falola & Heaton (2008), Egharevba (1968), Dele Odanye(2014), Falola & Adediran (1986).

Geographical Background of Nigeria

  • Nigeria has a total area of 923,768 square kilometers.
  • Located in the tropical climate zone, with two main air masses affecting rainfall patterns.
  • Two main seasons: Rainy and dry seasons, including the Harmattan period.
  • Four vegetation zones: Thick forest, swamps forest, semi-savannah, and savannah.
  • Major physical features: Plateau, Oban hills, Adamawa highlands, Cameroun Mountains, Rivers Niger and Benue, Ogun, Imo, Cross River, and Kaduna River.
  • Lake Chad is an inland water system in the extreme north-eastern part of Nigeria.

The Peoples and Notable Ethnic Groups in Nigeria

  • Nigeria has around 500 different ethnic groups.
  • Major groups include Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo.
  • Other groups include Fulani, Kanuri, Tiv, Idoma, Igala, Ijaw, Itsekiri, and Urhobo.
  • Ethnic groups have different socio-political organization (centralized or non-centralized).

Stages of Civilization in Nigeria

  • Three stages of civilization: Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.
  • Old Stone Age (Palaeolithic) and New Stone Age (Neolithic).
  • Bronze Age, the age of minerals like aluminium, copper, gold, and silver.
  • Iron Age, the period of iron and steel as raw materials.
  • Early centers of civilization: Nok, Igbo-Ukwu, Ife, and Benin.

Culture of Notable Ethnic Groups

  • Hausa: Primarily located in the North-west, constituted by seven states that were Islamized.
  • Fulani: Nomadic cattle herders, with political organization based on city-states.
  • Kanuri: Located in the north-eastern areas of Nigeria.
  • Igala: Located in the eastern part of the Niger and Benue confluence.
  • Ijaw: Located along the coastal belts of Southern Nigeria, from Forcados to Bonny River.
  • Yoruba: Located in the Southwest of Nigeria.

Political Organization of Nigeria's Ethnic Group

  • Focused on the leadership structure, the roles and responsibilities of the Oba as the head of the kingdom and how the people were organized into districts and villages.

Economy of the Northern and Southern Ethnic groups

  • Hausa's main occupation is agriculture, with other trades.
  • Fulani's main occupation is cattle rearing, with other activities for females.
  • Kanuri's economic activities include farming, fishing, and trading.
  • Igala's economic activities include farming, trading, and other crafts.
  • Ijaw is characterized by a large amount of trading activity.
  • Yoruba's main occupation is agriculture, with trading activities.

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Explore Nigeria's diverse peoples and rich cultural history from pre-historic times to the present. This quiz covers significant geographical, ethnic, and cultural aspects of Nigeria, delving into the stages of civilization and the impact of colonialism. Test your knowledge on Nigeria's environment, economy, and the various cultural zones that define this vibrant nation.

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