Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the benefits of beginning enteral nutrition (EN) early?
What is one of the benefits of beginning enteral nutrition (EN) early?
- Increases complications
- Reduces disease severity (correct)
- Decreases patient outcomes
- Increases ICU length of stay
Which screening tool is used to assess malnutrition risk based on a scoring system that includes illness severity?
Which screening tool is used to assess malnutrition risk based on a scoring system that includes illness severity?
- Nutritional Risk Score (NRS-2002) (correct)
- Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST)
- Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ)
- Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
What classification of malnutrition risk corresponds to a score between 6 and 10 when using the NUTRIC tool?
What classification of malnutrition risk corresponds to a score between 6 and 10 when using the NUTRIC tool?
- Moderate risk
- High risk (correct)
- No risk
- Low risk
Which parameter is NOT typically included in a comprehensive nutritional assessment?
Which parameter is NOT typically included in a comprehensive nutritional assessment?
In the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), a total score of 0-5 indicates what level of risk?
In the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), a total score of 0-5 indicates what level of risk?
What is the ideal goal for nitrogen retention to effectively retain protein?
What is the ideal goal for nitrogen retention to effectively retain protein?
What is the significance of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in assessing protein status?
What is the significance of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in assessing protein status?
Which protein is represented by the normal range of 3.5 – 5 gm/dL?
Which protein is represented by the normal range of 3.5 – 5 gm/dL?
What does a nitrogen balance study primarily assess?
What does a nitrogen balance study primarily assess?
What common non-urinary sources can contribute to nitrogen loss?
What common non-urinary sources can contribute to nitrogen loss?
How is nitrogen balance calculated?
How is nitrogen balance calculated?
Which of the following statements about prealbumin is true?
Which of the following statements about prealbumin is true?
How much does an infant's length typically increase by the age of 12 months?
How much does an infant's length typically increase by the age of 12 months?
What begins to happen to adipose tissue distribution after age two?
What begins to happen to adipose tissue distribution after age two?
What is the normal range for transferrin in mg/dL?
What is the normal range for transferrin in mg/dL?
What is the primary issue associated with malnutrition in children?
What is the primary issue associated with malnutrition in children?
During middle childhood, which statement is true regarding growth patterns?
During middle childhood, which statement is true regarding growth patterns?
What is a potential risk for chronically undernourished children during refeeding?
What is a potential risk for chronically undernourished children during refeeding?
What happens to the rate of weight gain during adolescence?
What happens to the rate of weight gain during adolescence?
What does a Z-score in growth assessment indicate?
What does a Z-score in growth assessment indicate?
In which period do males generally grow taller than females?
In which period do males generally grow taller than females?
What factors may lead to an increased caloric requirement in children?
What factors may lead to an increased caloric requirement in children?
What is indicated by a Z-score of -4.2 for weight in an assessment?
What is indicated by a Z-score of -4.2 for weight in an assessment?
What is a benefit of intact protein for burn patients?
What is a benefit of intact protein for burn patients?
When using partially digested protein, what is the recommended dosage?
When using partially digested protein, what is the recommended dosage?
What is a potential effect of medium-chain fatty acids?
What is a potential effect of medium-chain fatty acids?
What is a possible side effect of using simple glucose in oral supplements?
What is a possible side effect of using simple glucose in oral supplements?
Which statement is true regarding probiotics?
Which statement is true regarding probiotics?
Which vitamin is commonly associated with antioxidant effects?
Which vitamin is commonly associated with antioxidant effects?
What should be avoided when supplementing with glutamine?
What should be avoided when supplementing with glutamine?
What is the primary use of modular supplements in clinical settings?
What is the primary use of modular supplements in clinical settings?
Why should viscous formulations be avoided in patients with acute renal failure?
Why should viscous formulations be avoided in patients with acute renal failure?
What is the maximum protein requirement for a patient undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)?
What is the maximum protein requirement for a patient undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)?
What should be done when using oral dosage forms for patients with renal failure?
What should be done when using oral dosage forms for patients with renal failure?
Which types of medications should never be crushed for patients with renal failure?
Which types of medications should never be crushed for patients with renal failure?
What is a significant factor affecting nutritional assessment in patients with hepatic failure?
What is a significant factor affecting nutritional assessment in patients with hepatic failure?
What is recommended for patients with hepatic encephalopathy who do not respond to other treatments?
What is recommended for patients with hepatic encephalopathy who do not respond to other treatments?
For patients with pulmonary failure, what dietary formulation is suggested?
For patients with pulmonary failure, what dietary formulation is suggested?
Which micronutrients are at risk of being lost in patients with acute renal failure?
Which micronutrients are at risk of being lost in patients with acute renal failure?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Infant Growth
- Infants increase in length by 50% within the first year of life.
Childhood & Adolescent Growth
- Growth is slow but constant during the preschool years (Ages 2-6).
- Adipose tissue distribution begins around the age of 2.
- Steady growth occurs during middle childhood (Ages 7-10).
- Females are generally taller and heavier than males in height and weight during middle childhood.
- Adolescence (Ages 11-18) involves rapid growth in height and weight.
- Males are generally taller and heavier than females in height and weight during adolescence.
Nutritional Assessment
- Risk Factors: Used to identify potential malnutrition.
- History: Medical and dietary history are crucial.
- Anthropometrics: Measurements like height, weight, and head circumference are used to assess growth.
- Classification of Malnutrition: Determines the severity of malnutrition.
- Nitrogen Balance: Assesses protein intake and utilization through a 24-hour urine collection.
Visceral Protein Status
- Albumin: Normal range is 3.5-5 g/dL.
- Transferrin: Normal range is 250-300 mg/dL.
- Transthyretin (Pre-albumin): Normal range is 15-40 mg/dL.
- Retinol-binding protein: Normal range is 2.5-7.5 mg/dL.
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A positive acute phase reactant (increased by at least 25% during inflammation).
- Normal range is <1 mg/dL.
- Used to assess the accuracy of pre-albumin measurement.
- Pre-albumin levels can be falsely low due to inflammation.
Protein Requirements
- Intact protein: Requires complete digestion into smaller peptides.
- Partially digested (peptide-based): Easier for the body to utilize, beneficial for patients with mal-absorption and diarrhea.
- Modular supplements: Provide customized nutritional support.
Glutamine
- A conditionally essential amino acid that plays a critical role in gut health and immune function.
Probiotics
- Live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host.
- May inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth, block pathogen attachment, eliminate toxins, and enhance the host inflammatory response.
Vitamin & Trace Elements
- Used for antioxidant effects and repletion.
- Vitamin E & C are important for immune function.
Acute Renal Failure
- Adjust enteral formula based on electrolyte profile.
- Avoid viscous formulations like syrups, mineral oil, and granules due to the risk of tube clogging.
- Crush tablets or open capsules and dilute in 15-30mL of sterile water.
Hepatic Failure
- Traditional nutritional assessment tools may be inaccurate.
- Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may be beneficial for patients with encephalopathy refractory to other treatments.
Pulmonary Failure
- Fluid-restriction and calorically dense formulations are often employed (1.5-2.0 kcal/mL).
References
- ISMP: Institute for Safe Medication Practices
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
