25 Questions
, religious leader, teacher, boss o Research: Zimbardo et al (1973): Stanford Prison Experiment Gender Roles o Expectations _______ how men and women should behave o E
about
Groups Defined: A collection of three or more people who interact with one another and are ________________ in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to rely on one another
interdependent
Why Join Groups. Fundamental need o Intrinsically rewarding o _______________ reasons
Evolutionary
Achieve objectives _______________
collectively
Define ourselves o ________________
Identity
Provide a lens through which we understand the world o ________________
Frameworks to simplify the complex world
Motivation for social _______________
change
Social Norms o Exert strong _______________ over behaviour o Vary across groups
influence
Social Roles: o Shared expectations by group members about how particular people in the group are supposed to ______________ o E.g., religious leader, teacher, boss o Research: Zimbardo et al (1973): Stanford Prison Experiment
behave
Gender Roles o Expectations about how men and women should ______________ o E.g.
behave
Group cohesiveness: o Qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking among them o Good socially, drawbacks for problem-solving Group ______: o Tend to attract similar individuals o Groups encourage similar behaviour • Social norms and conformity o Diverse groups can perform better
diversity
Social Facilitation: o The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks but worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated. o Well-learned tasks are performed ______
well
Social Loafing: o The tendency for people to do worse on simple tasks but better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated o Common Definition: the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in groups compared to when working individually
loafing
Deindividuation: o The loosening of normal constraints on behaviour when people are in a group, leading to an increase in impulsive and deviant acts
deindividuation
Failure to share unique information o Groups tend to focus on shared information o Limited time/attention o Solutions: • Make people responsible for specific areas of expertise • Ensure group discussions last long enough to afford people the chance to share unique ______
information
Groupthink: o A kind of thinking in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic ______
manner
Social Dilemma: o A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual, if chosen by most people, will have harmful effects on ______
everyone
Other people cause us to become particularly alert and ______
vigilant
Others make us apprehensive about how we’re being ______
evaluated
Others distract us from the task at ______
hand
, “The Tragedy of the Commons” (Harden, 1968) The Prisoner’s Dilemma o Increase cooperation: • • • • Friends/future interactions Individuals over groups Tit-for-tat strategy Consistent cooperation ______ and Cooperation Using Threats to Resolve ______ o Not typically an effective means of resolving conflict Negotiation and Bargaining o Negotiation: A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict, in which offers and counteroffers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties agree o Integrative Solution: A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests • Each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to them but important to the other side • Can be difficult to identify what is most important to each The End
Conflict
Increase cooperation: • • • • Friends/future interactions Individuals over groups Tit-for-tat strategy Consistent cooperation ______ and Cooperation
Conflict
Using Threats to Resolve ______ o Not typically an effective means of resolving conflict
Conflict
Negotiation: A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict, in which offers and counteroffers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties agree
Conflict
Integrative Solution: A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests • Each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to them but important to the other side • Can be difficult to identify what is most important to each
Conflict
Test your knowledge on group processes and how they influence individuals. This quiz covers topics such as defining groups, reasons for joining groups, the functions of groups, group decisions, conflict and cooperation within groups, and more. Explore the dynamics of group interactions and enhance your understanding of how individuals are influenced by group dynamics.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free