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Questions and Answers
Which of the following alkali metals is the lightest?
Sodium hydroxide is also known as caustic soda.
True
What is the predominant cation in extracellular fluid?
Sodium
What is one of the uses of lithium compounds?
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Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as ______.
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What type of effect does lithium bromide have?
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Which compound is used in the treatment of cystitis and UTI?
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Match the following sodium compounds with their uses:
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Which of the following metals is the lightest?
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Sodium hydroxide is commonly referred to as caustic soda.
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What is the predominant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF)?
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What happens to lithium in air?
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Sodium chloride is the chemical name for rock salt.
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What is the effect of lithium toxicity on the kidneys?
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Which of the following is an antacid?
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Sodium ______________ is known for its use as a smooth muscle relaxant.
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What effect does sodium citrate have when administered orally?
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Which of the following compounds is used in soap preparations?
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Sodium phosphate acts as a saline laxative.
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Study Notes
Group IA: The Alkali Metals
- Discovered by Sir Humphry Davy through electrolysis of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)
- Abundant in nature as sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as rock salt
- Univalent, with a +1 charge
- Soft, waxy metals with high metallic luster
- Low specific gravity and melting point
- Alkali salts dissolve freely in water
- Form simple cations
- Most active and electro-positive metals
- Easily oxidized in air, requiring storage under mineral oil
- Oxides and hydroxides are strongly basic
Sodium (Na)
- Derived from "Natrium" from Niter
- Bright golden yellow flame
- Predominant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF)
- Follows the "PISO" rule: Potassium inside, Sodium outside
Lithium (Li)
- "Lithos" meaning stone
- Lightest metal
- Carmine red flame
- Former ingredient in 7Up, used as a hangover cure, but removed due to adverse effects
- Central nervous system depressant
- Lithium toxicity can lead to nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
Sodium Hydroxide (Sodii Hydroxidum)
- Caustic soda
- Highly deliquescent - absorbs moisture from air and liquefies
- Escharotic - corrosive to tissue
- Used in soap preparations
Sodium Chloride (Sodii Chloridum)
- Rock salt
- Electrolyte replenishment
- Renders solutions isotonic - used in prescription "flat isotonic collyrium"
- Parenteral administration - directly into the bloodstream
Sodium Acetate (Sodii Acetas)
- Diuretic
- Treatment for cystitis and UTI
Sodium Carbonate
- Anhydrous form - soda ash, used in buffer preparations to resist pH changes
- Decahydrate form - sal soda, washing soda, used in lotion preparations
Sodium Bicarbonate (Sodii Bicarbonate)
- Baking soda
- Antacid, but misuse can lead to rebound acidity
- Urinary alkalizer, increases pH
Sodium Nitrate
- Smooth muscle relaxant, slow onset, for angina pectoris
- Treatment for cyanide poisoning
Sodium Citrate (Sodii Citras)
- Oral: alkalinizer, diuretic
- Parenteral: anticoagulant, prevents blood clots
Sodium Phosphate (Sodii Phospas)
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate (dibasic sodium phosphate)
- Saline laxative, promotes defecation
- Cathartic, promotes defecation through colon evacuation
Sodium Biphosphate
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (monobasic sodium phosphate)
- Urinary acidifier
Sodium Thiocyanate (Sodii Thiocyanas)
- Antihypertensive
Seidlitz Powders
- Blue paper contains sodium bicarbonate and potassium sodium tartrate
- White paper contains tartaric acid
- Reaction produces CO2 (effervescence) improving palatability
- Mild laxative
Soda Mint
- Sodium bicarbonate and aromatic ammonia
- Carminative - relieves flatulence
- Antacid
Soda Lime (Calx Sodica)
- ...
Alkali Metals - Group IA
- Alkali metals are univalent and have a +1 charge
- They are soft, waxy, and have high metallic luster
- They have low specific gravity and low melting points
- Alkali salts are freely soluble in water
- They are the most active and electro-positive metals
- Easily oxidized in air and are best stored under mineral oil
- Their oxides and hydroxides are strongly basic
Sodium (Na)
- Derived from "Natrium" from Niter
- Discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy through electrolysis of NaOH (Caustic Soda)
- Abundant in nature in the form of NaCl (Rock Salt)
- Emits a bright golden yellow color in a non-luminous flame
- Predominant cation in ECF (extracellular fluid)
- PISO Principle: Potassium Inside, Sodium Outside
Lithium (Li)
- "Lithos" means stone
- Lightest metal
- Emits a carmine red color in a non-luminous flame
- Used to be an ingredient in 7Up as lithium citrate (claimed to cure hangovers) but was removed after patient deaths
- Central Nervous System Depressant
- Lithium Toxicity can lead to nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
- Commonly known as Caustic Soda
- Very deliquescent: absorbs moisture from the air and liquifies
- Escharotic: corrosive to tissue
- Used in soap preparations
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
- Commonly known as Rock Salt
- Used for electrolyte replenishment
- Renders solutions isotonic: used in flat, isotonic collyrium eye drops
- Parenteral: administered into the bloodstream
Sodium Acetate (NaC2H3O2)
- Diuretic: promotes urination
- Treatment for Cystitis (bladder infection) and UTI (urinary tract infection)
Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
- Anhydrous form is known as soda ash
- Used in buffer preparations to resist pH changes
- Decahydrate form is known as sal soda or washing soda
- Used in lotions
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
- Commonly known as Baking Soda
- Antacid: neutralizes stomach acid (misuse can cause "rebound acidity")
- Urinary alkalizer: increases urine pH, making it more basic
Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3)
- Smooth muscle relaxant (slow onset) used for angina pectoris (chest pain due to heart problems)
- Treatment for Cyanide Poisoning
Sodium Citrate (Na3C6H5O7)
- Oral: alkalinizer, diuretic
- Parenteral: anticoagulant (prevents blood clots)
Sodium Phosphate (Na3PO4)
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4)
- Dibasic sodium phosphate
- Saline laxative: promotes defecation
- Cathartic: promotes defecation via evacuation of the entire colon
Sodium Biphosphate (NaH2PO4)
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
- Monobasic sodium phosphate
- Urinary acidifier: lowers urine pH
Sodium Thiocyanate (NaSCN)
- Antihypertensive: lowers blood pressure
Seidlitz Powders
- Contains blue paper (sodium bicarbonate and potassium sodium tartrate) and white paper (tartaric acid)
- Reaction produces CO2 (effervescence), improving palatability
- Mild laxative
Soda Mint
- Contains sodium bicarbonate and aromatic ammonia
- Carminative: relieves flatulence
- Antacid
Soda Lime
- ...
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Description
Test your knowledge on the alkali metals, focusing on their properties, uses, and unique characteristics. This quiz covers elements like sodium and lithium, their reactivity and applications. Dive into the fascinating world of these essential metals and explore their influence on chemistry and industry.
