Group Development and Leadership Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What stage of group development occurs when members first meet and come together?

  • Forming (correct)
  • Adjourning
  • Norming
  • Storming

During which stage do group members begin to resolve disagreements and handle differences?

  • Performing
  • Norming (correct)
  • Storming
  • Adjourning

What is the primary focus during the Performing stage of group development?

  • Building relationships
  • Dissolving the group
  • Completing tasks efficiently (correct)
  • Initiating the group process

What marks the end of a group's lifecycle in the Adjourning stage?

<p>Group members reflect on successes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of group development involves intense conflict and disagreement among members?

<p>Storming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is groupthink most commonly associated with?

<p>Highly cohesive groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes individuals working less hard in a group setting?

<p>Social loafing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a potential downside of high group cohesion?

<p>It can lead to weakened problem-solving abilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of groups prone to groupthink?

<p>Diversity of information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of social loafing in group projects?

<p>Lower overall group productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leader focuses on emotional support and understanding the feelings of their team?

<p>Supportive leader (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a participative leader?

<p>Involving employees in the decision-making process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Achievement-oriented leaders are primarily focused on what aspect of leadership?

<p>Setting and encouraging the achievement of employee goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style would likely discourage employee involvement in decisions?

<p>Authoritarian leader (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do supportive leaders differ from achievement-oriented leaders?

<p>Supportive leaders provide emotional support, whereas achievement-oriented leaders set goals for performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is social loafing?

<p>The tendency to put in less effort in group settings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does collective efficacy refer to?

<p>A group's confidence in its ability to succeed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best defines leadership?

<p>The ability to influence others toward a common goal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who qualifies as a formal leader?

<p>Someone holding a designated position of authority (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes informal leaders from formal leaders?

<p>Informal leaders influence without a formal title (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of power is primarily based on a person's skills and knowledge?

<p>Expert Power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of power derives from the personal characteristics of the individual?

<p>Referent Power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which power is characterized by the ability to provide rewards to others?

<p>Reward Power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of power relies on the ability to impose penalties or consequences?

<p>Coercive Power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of power is recognized as a formal right to make decisions?

<p>Legitimate Power (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of conflict occurs within a person?

<p>Intrapersonal conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cause of conflict relates to relying on others to accomplish one's goals?

<p>Task interdependence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive outcome of conflict in an organization?

<p>Surface inaccurate assumptions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of conflict mentioned?

<p>Incompatible soft skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of conflict do individuals disagree and may have personal issues with one another?

<p>Interpersonal conflict (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Groupthink

A phenomenon where individuals in a highly cohesive group prioritize group harmony over critical thinking, leading to poor decision-making.

Social loafing

Reduced individual effort when working in a group, as people feel less accountable for their contribution.

Forming

The initial stage when group members first meet and get to know each other.

Storming

Characterized by conflict and tension as members assert themselves and establish their roles.

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Norming

The stage where group members develop trust and respect for each other, establish norms and rules.

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Performing

The group focuses on achieving its goals effectively while maintaining high performance.

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Adjourning

The final stage where the group completes its task and members prepare for the group's closure.

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Collective efficacy

The perceived ability of a group to successfully achieve a common goal.

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Leadership

The process of influencing others to work toward a shared goal.

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Formal leaders

Leaders who hold an official position of authority and responsibility within a group.

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Informal leaders

Leaders who emerge naturally within a group, without a designated role.

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Supportive Leaders

Leaders who focus on creating a positive and supportive environment for their team members. They prioritize emotional well-being and encourage open communication.

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Participative Leaders

Leaders who actively involve their employees in decision-making processes. They value input and contributions from all team members.

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Achievement-Oriented Leaders

Leaders who set goals and expectations for their employees, inspire them to achieve those goals, and provide the necessary support and guidance.

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Intrapersonal Conflict

Conflict that occurs within an individual, often involving internal struggles, choices, or conflicting desires.

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Interpersonal Conflict

Conflict that arises between two or more individuals, often rooted in personality clashes, communication breakdowns, or competing goals.

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Intergroup Conflict

Conflict that happens between different groups, like departments, teams, or organizations.

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Dysfunctional Conflict

A type of conflict that hinders an organization's progress, causing inefficiency, negativity, and reduced performance.

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Functional Conflict

A type of conflict that can be beneficial, leading to improved decision-making, creativity, and a better understanding of diverse perspectives.

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Legitimate Power

Power derived from an individual's position or formal authority. It is granted by an organization or a system, making the leader's directives legitimate.

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Reward Power

Power stemming from the ability to provide rewards or incentives for desirable behavior. It is based on the promise of something positive in return for compliance.

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Coercive Power

Power based on the capability to punish or impose negative consequences for non-compliance. It involves the threat of sanctions or repercussions.

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Expert Power

Power derived from an individual's expertise, knowledge, and skills in a specific area. It is earned through competence and proven ability.

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Information Power

Power based on access to important information and the ability to control its distribution. It stems from possessing valuable data or insights.

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Study Notes

Group Development

  • A group is a collection of individuals who interact with each other
  • Forming: the initial stage where group members come together for the first time
  • Storming: group members feel safe and included, and differences are discussed
  • Norming: group members can handle differences, and are ready for the next stage
  • Performing: group participants focus on the work and their performance
  • Adjourning: the ending of the group, which can be bittersweet

Group Cohesion

  • Groupthink: common in highly cohesive groups
  • Social loafing: individuals put in less effort in group contexts
  • Collective Efficacy: a group's perception of its ability to perform well

Leadership

  • Leadership: influencing others to work towards a goal
  • Formal leaders: hold positions of authority
  • Informal leaders: without formal positions but exert influence
  • Trait Approaches to Leadership: focuses on personality traits
  • Leader Decision Making: authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire
  • Big 5 Personality Traits: used to understand leadership styles

Bases of Power

  • Legitimate Power
  • Reward Power
  • Coercive Power
  • Expert Power
  • Information Power
  • Referent Power

Conflict

  • Conflict: disagreement between people
  • Intrapersonal Conflict: arises within a person
  • Interpersonal Conflict: among individuals (eg. coworkers)
  • Intergroup Conflict: among different groups
  • Causes of conflict: organizational structure, limited resources, task interdependence, incompatible goals, personality differences, communication issues
  • Outcomes of Conflict: positive (better ideas, increased participation, better understanding), negative (stress, anxiety, decreased productivity)

Conflict Management

  • Conflict Management: resolving disagreements effectively
  • Ways to manage conflict: change the structure, change the composition of the team, create a common opposing force, consider majority rule, problem solve
  • Conflict-handling styles: avoidance, accommodation, compromise, competition, collaboration

Negotiation

  • Negotiation: process where two or more people resolve an issue or arrive at a compromise
  • Distributive Negotiation: hard bargaining
  • Integrative Negotiation: win-win
  • Stages of Negotiation: investigation (information gathering), bargaining, agreement
  • BATNA: alternative to a negotiated agreement

Career Guidance

  • Career guidance: information about products, markets, and educational opportunities
  • Guidance helps people to make wise choices and solve problems

Guidance

  • Guidance is a process that helps people understand their relationship to others, their problems, and making decisions
  • Philosophical Foundations of Guidance: uniqueness of a person
  • Socio-cultural Foundations of Guidance: school, family, society
  • Psychological Foundations of Guidance: psychological needs, individuality, realization, adjustment, development

Career Development Theories

  • Holland's theory: framework of six different career interest types (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional)
  • Self-concept theory: self-concept as a product of complex interactions
  • Gottfredson's theory of circumscription and compromise: dynamic interplay between genetic makeup and the environment

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Description

This quiz explores the stages of group development including forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It also covers concepts related to group cohesion, leadership styles, and decision-making processes. Test your understanding of how groups function and lead effectively in various contexts.

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