Gross Lesions in Pathology

Gross Lesions

• Fatty Liver: A yellowish-tan discoloration of the liver, often enlarged, appears smoother than a healthy liver.
• Liquifactive Necrosis of the Brain: A soft, liquefied area in the brain tissue. The affected brain region may have a soft consistency and a different color than surrounding healthy tissue.
• Chloasma of Pregnancy: Brownish hyperpigmentation patches commonly appear on the face but can also form on the neck and other areas.
• Freckles: Small, flat, brown spots on the skin. They are commonly located on sun-exposed areas.
• Leucoderma: Patches or areas of depigmented skin (lighter than surrounding skin).
• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and sclera (whites of the eyes), due to high bilirubin levels.
• Acute Appendicitis: Inflamed appendix, often appearing swollen and red, with potential pus or fluid buildup.
• Subcutaneous Abscess: A localized collection of pus under the skin, causing redness, swelling, possible warmth and pain.
• Cellulitis: Inflammation/infection of the skin that is marked by diffuse redness, swelling, heat, pain and pus.
• Keloid: Overgrowth of scar tissue that extends beyond the original injury site.
• Thyroid Adenoma: A benign tumor of the thyroid gland, often appearing as a firm, smooth, nodule.
• Lipoma: A benign fatty tumor, often mobile, painless, and subcutaneous.
• Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Face: A skin cancer appearing as a pearly or reddish growth, which is usually slow-growing.
• Fungating Carcinoma of the Tongue: A noticeably raised, ulcerated growth on the tongue surface. It's often associated with cancer spreading from other parts of the mouth.
• Infiltrative Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: The invasive and potentially fatal spreading of cancer that spreads into surrounding tissue and structures
• Microscopic lesions: Requires microscopic analysis- these are not easily visible by the naked eye.

Microscopic Lesions

• Hemosiderosis in Liver: Accumulation of iron-pigmented granules (brown) in the liver cells.
• Chondroma: Tumor made up of cartilage tissue, having a translucent, pinkish-purple appearance, and seen as small and translucent rounded areas, possibly in a cluster.
• Lymphocytic Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining with a large number of lymphocytes (types of white blood cells) within the stomach lining.
•  Lipoma (Microscopic): The presence of large amounts of fat cells (adipocytes), usually with visible cell boundaries.
• Thyroid Adenoma (Microscopic): Can be characterized by atypical/enlarged cells, with possibly irregular groupings.
• Anthracosis in Lung: Accumulation of coal dust in the lung tissue.
• Fatty Liver (Oil Red O Stain): Fat droplets appear bright reddish/orange, stained by the oil red o staining.
• Adenocarcinoma of the Colon (Microscopic): Malignant (cancer) growths characterized by abnormal gland patterns and rapid growth within tissue.
• Margination Sign in Acute Inflammation: Visible accumulation of leukocytes (white blood cells) along blood vessel walls.

Explore various gross lesions observed in pathology, including fatty liver, liquefactive necrosis, and jaundice. This quiz covers the appearance and characteristics of different lesions, helping to enhance understanding in medical science. Test your knowledge on how these conditions manifest physically.