30 Questions
Where is the heart located?
Between the second rib to the fifth
Which direction does the base of the heart point towards?
Right shoulder
What is the mass of the heart approximately?
~ 300 grams
Which layer of the heart wall is also known as the visceral pericardium?
Epicardium
In which cavity is the heart enclosed within a double-walled sac?
Pericardial cavity
Where does the apex of the heart point towards?
Hip
What is the main component of the Myocardium?
Cardiac muscle
What structures allow ions to flow from cell to cell in the cardiac muscle?
Gap junctions
Which chambers of the heart are primarily receiving chambers and not important in the pumping activity of the heart?
Atria
Why are the walls of the left ventricle substantially thicker than those of the right ventricle?
It pumps blood over a longer pathway
Which vessel splits into right and left pulmonary arteries?
Pulmonary trunk
Which vessels return blood to the heart from regions above and below the diaphragm?
Venae cavae
What is the role of the semilunar valves during ventricles relaxation?
Forced closed
What causes the AV valves to open?
High blood pressure in the ventricles
What happens to the AV valves when the ventricles contract?
They hang limply
What prevents semilunar valve flaps from everting into the atria?
Atrial contraction
When do the semilunar valves close?
During ventricular relaxation
What forces open the semilunar valves?
Intraventricular pressure rise
What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle tissue?
To conduct muscle action potentials
Which protein complex is found on the thin filament in cardiac muscle cells?
Troponin
What is the role of transverse tubules in cardiac muscle cells?
Allow muscle action potentials to conduct
What holds cardiac muscle fibers together at their ends?
Desmosomes
Where are the Z discs located in cardiac muscle fibers?
At the center of the fibers
What is the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?
To allow communication between muscle fibers
What happens during the ventricular filling phase in the cardiac cycle?
Atrial contraction forces blood into the ventricles
What is the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of atrial contraction?
130 ml
What characterizes the ventricular systole phase in the cardiac cycle?
The AV valves close to prevent backflow
What occurs during the isovolumetric contraction phase of ventricular systole?
Ventricles are closed chambers with increasing pressure
How does atrial contraction affect the volume of blood in the ventricles?
Increases it by 25 ml
What leads to the closing of the AV valves in the cardiac cycle?
Increase in ventricular pressure
Test your knowledge on the gross anatomy of the heart, including details on shape, size, mass, and location within the human body. Explore the key characteristics of the heart's position in relation to other organs.
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