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4.1
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4.1

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the digestive tube contains the submucous plexus?

  • Tunica Mucosa (correct)
  • Muscularis
  • Tunica muscularis
  • Tunica submucosa

    • What is the main function of the Tunica Mucosa in the digestive tube?

  • Contraction
  • Secretion (correct)
  • Excretion
  • Absorption

    • Which part of the small intestine features circular folds known as 'Plicae circulares'?

  • Colon
  • Ileum
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum (correct)

    • What is the role of the ileocecal valve in the digestive system?

    <p>Prevent reflux from colon into ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the colon extends from the iliac crest down to form an 'S-shaped' structure?

    <p>Sigmoid colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Villi in the small intestine?

    <p>Increase surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Increase electrolyte secretion and decrease propulsive motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does entry of calcium ions have on smooth muscle contraction?

    <p>Causes contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do slow waves impact ion entry in smooth muscle fibers?

    <p>Allow sodium ion entry but not calcium entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the enteric nervous system (ENS) sometimes referred to as the 'little brain'?

    <p>Due to its central control over regulating GI function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innervation increases activity of intestinal smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal system?

    <p>Parasympathetic cholinergic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myenteric plexus within the enteric nervous system?

    <p>Increases tone, rate, intensity, and velocity of contractions causing more rapid peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stomach?

    <p>Muscular propulsion of materials into the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located at the junction between the stomach and the duodenum?

    <p>Pyloric sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cecum?

    <p>Storage of indigestible food material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is supplied primarily by the celiac artery?

    <p>Esophagus and stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains the midgut region of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Superior mesenteric vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the gastrointestinal tract is supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery?

    <p>Descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the stomach is located closest to the heart?

    <p>Cardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is retroperitoneal (located behind the peritoneum)?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anal canal?

    <p>Regulation of defecation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the enteric nervous system (ENS) is correct?

    <p>The ENS is composed of neurons, ganglia, and fibers in a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plexuses is primarily responsible for stimulating gastrointestinal motility?

    <p>Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following spinal cord segments provide sympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

    <p>L1-L2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is released by the parasympathetic nervous system to stimulate gastrointestinal motility and secretion?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the sympathetic nervous system's effects on the gastrointestinal tract is correct?

    <p>It inhibits motility and secretion, while maintaining sphincter tone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gut-brain axis?

    <p>To coordinate reflexes and responses between the ENS and ANS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Gastroparesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal hormone is released from the duodenal mucosa in response to the presence of fat, carbohydrate, or protein in the duodenum?

    <p>Cholecystokinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the interstitial cells of Cajal?

    <p>To regulate gastric motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parts of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the greatest amount of water absorption or excretion?

    <p>Colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a part of the large intestine?

    <p>Cecum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a temporary cessation of gut motility, often related to surgery or electrolyte imbalance?

    <p>Paralytic ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ENS (enteric nervous system) is composed of neurons, ganglia, and fibers in a network.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The myenteric plexus is mainly located between circular smooth muscle and submucosa of the small and large intestines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons arise from S2 to S4 spinal segments and innervate neuron cell bodies located in the myenteric plexus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetylcholine is the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the enteric nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympathetic preganglionic neurons that inhibit motility and secretion arise from T5 to L2 spinal cord segments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The neurotransmitter norepinephrine excites intestinal smooth muscle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gut-brain axis coordinates reflexes between the ENS and CNS.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are four types of GI reflexes identified within the ENS.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates motility and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic nervous system maintains muscular tone of sphincters in the gastrointestinal tract.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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