Podcast
Questions and Answers
What significant law expressed America's promise to grant independence to Filipinos once a stable government was established?
What significant law expressed America's promise to grant independence to Filipinos once a stable government was established?
- Philippine Autonomy Act
- Jones Law (correct)
- Pacification Act
- Retirement Act of 1915
Which governor general was appointed during a period leading towards greater Filipinization of the government?
Which governor general was appointed during a period leading towards greater Filipinization of the government?
- Quezon
- Woodrow Wilson
- Francis Burton Harrison (correct)
- Sergio Osmena
What major political change was implemented by the Jones Law?
What major political change was implemented by the Jones Law?
- Creation of a bicameral Congress (correct)
- Establishment of military rule
- Immediate independence for the Philippines
- Appointment of American governors in provinces
What was one effect of the Retirement Act of 1915 on the Filipino government structure?
What was one effect of the Retirement Act of 1915 on the Filipino government structure?
Who was the Senate President during the time when Filipinos began proving their competency in governance?
Who was the Senate President during the time when Filipinos began proving their competency in governance?
What event in 1920 impacted the aspirations of Filipinos for independence?
What event in 1920 impacted the aspirations of Filipinos for independence?
Under whose administration was the Jones Law passed?
Under whose administration was the Jones Law passed?
What was the role of local politicians under the Jones Law?
What was the role of local politicians under the Jones Law?
What was the initial expectation of the Filipino people regarding General Wood's administration?
What was the initial expectation of the Filipino people regarding General Wood's administration?
What action did General Wood take that reflected a reversal of America’s Philippine policy?
What action did General Wood take that reflected a reversal of America’s Philippine policy?
How did General Wood's administration affect the autonomy of the Filipino government?
How did General Wood's administration affect the autonomy of the Filipino government?
What was one significant consequence of Executive Order No. 37 issued by General Wood?
What was one significant consequence of Executive Order No. 37 issued by General Wood?
How did General Wood handle laws deemed necessary for the public good?
How did General Wood handle laws deemed necessary for the public good?
Which group did General Wood replace his constitutional advisers with?
Which group did General Wood replace his constitutional advisers with?
What negative impact did General Wood's actions have on the legislative process?
What negative impact did General Wood's actions have on the legislative process?
In what way did General Wood's administration impact the principle of Filipinizing the government service?
In what way did General Wood's administration impact the principle of Filipinizing the government service?
What action did Mayor Fernandez and Justice Secretary Jose P. Laurel take after Conley was acquitted?
What action did Mayor Fernandez and Justice Secretary Jose P. Laurel take after Conley was acquitted?
How did Wood respond to the request for an investigation into Conley?
How did Wood respond to the request for an investigation into Conley?
What action did he take that violated the law concerning public funds?
What action did he take that violated the law concerning public funds?
What was the main reason cited by Mayor Fernandez and Secretary Laurel for Conley's acquittal?
What was the main reason cited by Mayor Fernandez and Secretary Laurel for Conley's acquittal?
Which of the following actions indicates a refusal to comply with the Organic Act?
Which of the following actions indicates a refusal to comply with the Organic Act?
What did Wood believe about the charges against Conley?
What did Wood believe about the charges against Conley?
What was the overall reaction of the Filipino officials to Wood's handling of the situation?
What was the overall reaction of the Filipino officials to Wood's handling of the situation?
What power did he usurp in relation to legislative measures?
What power did he usurp in relation to legislative measures?
What action did Quezon and his allies take regarding the President of the United States?
What action did Quezon and his allies take regarding the President of the United States?
What was one consequence of his administration in Mindanao?
What was one consequence of his administration in Mindanao?
What were the reasons stated for the grievances against Wood's administration?
What were the reasons stated for the grievances against Wood's administration?
What was his intent behind disposing of government companies?
What was his intent behind disposing of government companies?
What was one of the findings of the board created by Wood regarding Conley?
What was one of the findings of the board created by Wood regarding Conley?
Which action demonstrates his interference with the Philippine government?
Which action demonstrates his interference with the Philippine government?
What did Executive Order no.37 declare about the Board of Control?
What did Executive Order no.37 declare about the Board of Control?
His policies created tensions between which two groups?
His policies created tensions between which two groups?
What was the purpose of the executive order announced by the Governor-General?
What was the purpose of the executive order announced by the Governor-General?
What happened shortly after the Governor-General published his order?
What happened shortly after the Governor-General published his order?
What is claimed to be the consequence of the Governor-General's actions?
What is claimed to be the consequence of the Governor-General's actions?
Which sentiment is expressed towards the American people in the protest?
Which sentiment is expressed towards the American people in the protest?
What specific act is being protested in this declaration?
What specific act is being protested in this declaration?
What principles are cited as being threatened by the Governor-General's actions?
What principles are cited as being threatened by the Governor-General's actions?
What motivates the representatives to protest against the Governor-General?
What motivates the representatives to protest against the Governor-General?
What has not happened to the laws defining the Board of Control's powers?
What has not happened to the laws defining the Board of Control's powers?
Study Notes
The Commission on Independence's Grievances
- The Commission on Independence, formed in 1926, detailed several grievances against Governor-General Leonard Wood.
- They highlighted Wood's actions as directly contradicting the original intent of US sovereignty in the Philippines, which was to prepare the nation for independence.
- The Commission accused Wood of undermining Filipino autonomy and democratic processes through arbitrary acts and usurpations.
Key Grievances
- Wood refused to approve laws deemed necessary for the public good.
- He disregarded the authority of Philippine department heads and replaced them with Americans, reversing the policy of Filipinization.
- He interfered with the legislative process, vetoing appropriation bills and reviving old items in violation of the Organic Law.
- He made appointments to positions and authorized salary payments after vetoing their appropriations.
- He unlawfully used public funds for additional compensation to officials.
- He interfered in the administration of justice and refused to heed the Senate's advice on appointments.
- He continued to hold nominees in office after the Senate rejected their appointments.
- He imposed conditions on legislative measures after approving them.
- He favored American interests in business dealings, including the disposal of government-owned companies.
- He sanctioned propaganda against the Filipino people in the United States.
- He attempted to close the Philippine National Bank.
- He directly interfered in local and insular government affairs.
- He pushed for amendments to land laws that favored exploitation of Philippine resources.
- He issued Executive Order No. 37 to nullify the creation and powers of the Board of Control, undermining the separation of powers principle.
- He attempted to personally exercise the powers of the Board of Control, claiming authority from the Judge Advocate General's opinion.
Consequences of Wood's Actions
- Filipino officials resigned in protest, including Senate President Quezon and Speaker Manuel Roxas.
- The Commission on Independence communicated with President Harding, outlining the reasons for the resignations and advocating for a delegation to the US.
- Filipino resentment towards the Americans and their perceived disregard for Filipino rights grew.
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Description
Explore the grievances outlined by the Commission on Independence in 1926 against Governor-General Leonard Wood. This quiz delves into the accusations of undermining Filipino autonomy and the violation of laws that were meant to guide the Philippines towards self-governance. Test your knowledge on this crucial period in Philippine history.
