Grievances Against Governor-General Leonard Wood

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Questions and Answers

What significant law expressed America's promise to grant independence to Filipinos once a stable government was established?

Philippine Autonomy Act

Jones Law (correct)

Pacification Act

Retirement Act of 1915

Which governor general was appointed during a period leading towards greater Filipinization of the government?

Quezon

Woodrow Wilson

Francis Burton Harrison (correct)

Sergio Osmena

What major political change was implemented by the Jones Law?

Creation of a bicameral Congress (correct)

Establishment of military rule

Immediate independence for the Philippines

Appointment of American governors in provinces

What was one effect of the Retirement Act of 1915 on the Filipino government structure?

Filipinization of the bureaucracy Signup and view all the answers

Who was the Senate President during the time when Filipinos began proving their competency in governance?

Manuel L. Quezon Signup and view all the answers

What event in 1920 impacted the aspirations of Filipinos for independence?

Defeat of the Democrats in the presidential election Signup and view all the answers

Under whose administration was the Jones Law passed?

Woodrow Wilson Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of local politicians under the Jones Law?

To participate actively in policymaking Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial expectation of the Filipino people regarding General Wood's administration?

To complete the work of political emancipation Signup and view all the answers

What action did General Wood take that reflected a reversal of America’s Philippine policy?

Issuing Executive Order No. 37 Signup and view all the answers

How did General Wood's administration affect the autonomy of the Filipino government?

It curtailed autonomy and reversed constitutional systems Signup and view all the answers

What was one significant consequence of Executive Order No. 37 issued by General Wood?

It attempted to nullify the Board of Control's functions Signup and view all the answers

How did General Wood handle laws deemed necessary for the public good?

He refused assent to many essential laws Signup and view all the answers

Which group did General Wood replace his constitutional advisers with?

Military attaches without legal standing Signup and view all the answers

What negative impact did General Wood's actions have on the legislative process?

Rendered the Legislature's power perfunctory Signup and view all the answers

In what way did General Wood's administration impact the principle of Filipinizing the government service?

He reversed this policy by appointing American officials Signup and view all the answers

What action did Mayor Fernandez and Justice Secretary Jose P. Laurel take after Conley was acquitted?

They requested an investigation on Conley. Signup and view all the answers

How did Wood respond to the request for an investigation into Conley?

He refused the request and created a board instead. Signup and view all the answers

What action did he take that violated the law concerning public funds?

Used public funds for additional compensation Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason cited by Mayor Fernandez and Secretary Laurel for Conley's acquittal?

Conley was American and received preferential treatment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions indicates a refusal to comply with the Organic Act?

Creating appointments without Senate advice Signup and view all the answers

What did Wood believe about the charges against Conley?

They were false and fabricated by his enemies. Signup and view all the answers

What was the overall reaction of the Filipino officials to Wood's handling of the situation?

They felt disrespected and decided to resign. Signup and view all the answers

What power did he usurp in relation to legislative measures?

Imposing conditions on approved legislative measures Signup and view all the answers

What action did Quezon and his allies take regarding the President of the United States?

They informed him of their plans to resign en masse. Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of his administration in Mindanao?

Strained relations between Christian and Mohammedan Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

What were the reasons stated for the grievances against Wood's administration?

Insufficient attention to Filipino rights and privileges. Signup and view all the answers

What was his intent behind disposing of government companies?

To benefit powerful American interests Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the findings of the board created by Wood regarding Conley?

Conley was not guilty and should be reinstated. Signup and view all the answers

Which action demonstrates his interference with the Philippine government?

Controlling local affairs directly and minutely Signup and view all the answers

What did Executive Order no.37 declare about the Board of Control?

The laws creating it were null and void Signup and view all the answers

His policies created tensions between which two groups?

Resident Americans and Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the executive order announced by the Governor-General?

To exercise powers and duties independently Signup and view all the answers

What happened shortly after the Governor-General published his order?

The Legislature had already adjourned Signup and view all the answers

What is claimed to be the consequence of the Governor-General's actions?

It undermines constitutional government Signup and view all the answers

Which sentiment is expressed towards the American people in the protest?

Appreciation for their historical values Signup and view all the answers

What specific act is being protested in this declaration?

Executive Order No. 37 Signup and view all the answers

What principles are cited as being threatened by the Governor-General's actions?

Separation of powers and constitutional governance Signup and view all the answers

What motivates the representatives to protest against the Governor-General?

Sacred duty to their country Signup and view all the answers

What has not happened to the laws defining the Board of Control's powers?

They have remained in force and acted upon. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Commission on Independence's Grievances

The Commission on Independence, formed in 1926, detailed several grievances against Governor-General Leonard Wood.
They highlighted Wood's actions as directly contradicting the original intent of US sovereignty in the Philippines, which was to prepare the nation for independence.
The Commission accused Wood of undermining Filipino autonomy and democratic processes through arbitrary acts and usurpations.

Key Grievances

Wood refused to approve laws deemed necessary for the public good.
He disregarded the authority of Philippine department heads and replaced them with Americans, reversing the policy of Filipinization.
He interfered with the legislative process, vetoing appropriation bills and reviving old items in violation of the Organic Law.
He made appointments to positions and authorized salary payments after vetoing their appropriations.
He unlawfully used public funds for additional compensation to officials.
He interfered in the administration of justice and refused to heed the Senate's advice on appointments.
He continued to hold nominees in office after the Senate rejected their appointments.
He imposed conditions on legislative measures after approving them.
He favored American interests in business dealings, including the disposal of government-owned companies.
He sanctioned propaganda against the Filipino people in the United States.
He attempted to close the Philippine National Bank.
He directly interfered in local and insular government affairs.
He pushed for amendments to land laws that favored exploitation of Philippine resources.
He issued Executive Order No. 37 to nullify the creation and powers of the Board of Control, undermining the separation of powers principle.
He attempted to personally exercise the powers of the Board of Control, claiming authority from the Judge Advocate General's opinion.

Consequences of Wood's Actions

Filipino officials resigned in protest, including Senate President Quezon and Speaker Manuel Roxas.
The Commission on Independence communicated with President Harding, outlining the reasons for the resignations and advocating for a delegation to the US.
Filipino resentment towards the Americans and their perceived disregard for Filipino rights grew.

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Description

Explore the grievances outlined by the Commission on Independence in 1926 against Governor-General Leonard Wood. This quiz delves into the accusations of undermining Filipino autonomy and the violation of laws that were meant to guide the Philippines towards self-governance. Test your knowledge on this crucial period in Philippine history.