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Questions and Answers
Who was the first President of the Philippines?
Who was the first President of the Philippines?
Which President succeeded Ferdinand Marcos?
Which President succeeded Ferdinand Marcos?
Which historical period preceded the Spanish period in the Philippines?
Which historical period preceded the Spanish period in the Philippines?
Which of the following Presidents served during the post-World War II era?
Which of the following Presidents served during the post-World War II era?
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Which President was known for declaring Martial Law?
Which President was known for declaring Martial Law?
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Which of the following inferred from the objectives of the module relates to Philippine governance?
Which of the following inferred from the objectives of the module relates to Philippine governance?
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Who was the only female President of the Philippines mentioned?
Who was the only female President of the Philippines mentioned?
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Which President had the longest term in the Philippines?
Which President had the longest term in the Philippines?
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What was the primary means of strengthening societies in the pre-colonial Philippines?
What was the primary means of strengthening societies in the pre-colonial Philippines?
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What was a characteristic of the small communities in the Philippines during the pre-colonial period?
What was a characteristic of the small communities in the Philippines during the pre-colonial period?
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What role did the chieftains or sultans play in their communities during the pre-colonial period?
What role did the chieftains or sultans play in their communities during the pre-colonial period?
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Which of the following statements best describes the governance structure of the barangay?
Which of the following statements best describes the governance structure of the barangay?
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What were the two main categories of laws present during the pre-colonial period in the Philippines?
What were the two main categories of laws present during the pre-colonial period in the Philippines?
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Which social class in pre-colonial Filipino society was considered noble?
Which social class in pre-colonial Filipino society was considered noble?
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How were laws promulgated in pre-colonial Filipino societies?
How were laws promulgated in pre-colonial Filipino societies?
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What was a common political strategy among early Filipinos to strengthen alliances?
What was a common political strategy among early Filipinos to strengthen alliances?
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What is the main function of the Executive Branch of the Philippine government?
What is the main function of the Executive Branch of the Philippine government?
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Which class during the Spanish period in the Philippines was characterized as wealthy, educated, and influential?
Which class during the Spanish period in the Philippines was characterized as wealthy, educated, and influential?
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What were Filipinos required to produce under the Bandala system?
What were Filipinos required to produce under the Bandala system?
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What was the role of the Alcalde Mayor in the provincial government during the Spanish period?
What was the role of the Alcalde Mayor in the provincial government during the Spanish period?
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What was one negative impact of the Polo y Servicio labor system on Filipinos?
What was one negative impact of the Polo y Servicio labor system on Filipinos?
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Which governmental structure was created by the Spaniards to replace the real power of local datos?
Which governmental structure was created by the Spaniards to replace the real power of local datos?
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What was the main purpose of the Encomienda system in the Philippines?
What was the main purpose of the Encomienda system in the Philippines?
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Which of the following goods was NOT exported from the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?
Which of the following goods was NOT exported from the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period?
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Who was the chief executive responsible for appointing and dismissing minor government officials in the Philippines?
Who was the chief executive responsible for appointing and dismissing minor government officials in the Philippines?
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What title was given to local towns and villages governed by the Gobernadorcillo?
What title was given to local towns and villages governed by the Gobernadorcillo?
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Which power allowed the Governor General to veto royal decrees he deemed unbeneficial for the colony?
Which power allowed the Governor General to veto royal decrees he deemed unbeneficial for the colony?
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What was the primary function of the Royal Audiencia established in 1854?
What was the primary function of the Royal Audiencia established in 1854?
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What term describes the political influence and power held by the Friar-curates in the Philippines?
What term describes the political influence and power held by the Friar-curates in the Philippines?
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In the event of a vacancy in the Governor General's position, who would act as the Governor General?
In the event of a vacancy in the Governor General's position, who would act as the Governor General?
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Which power granted the Governor General the right to nominate priests and ecclesiastical positions?
Which power granted the Governor General the right to nominate priests and ecclesiastical positions?
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What was the role of Capitan in the governance of local towns during this period?
What was the role of Capitan in the governance of local towns during this period?
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What event is considered the starting point of the Philippine Revolution?
What event is considered the starting point of the Philippine Revolution?
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Who led the Katipunan after the death of Andres Bonifacio?
Who led the Katipunan after the death of Andres Bonifacio?
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Which document is considered the first important Filipino document, created during the revolutionary government?
Which document is considered the first important Filipino document, created during the revolutionary government?
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What was the outcome of the Mock Battle of Manila?
What was the outcome of the Mock Battle of Manila?
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What was the key provision of the Treaty of Paris regarding the Philippines?
What was the key provision of the Treaty of Paris regarding the Philippines?
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When was the Philippine Republic inaugurated?
When was the Philippine Republic inaugurated?
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What did Teodoro Agoncillo comment about the Malolos Constitution?
What did Teodoro Agoncillo comment about the Malolos Constitution?
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Which branches of government were established by the Malolos Constitution?
Which branches of government were established by the Malolos Constitution?
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What significant act followed the Jones Law of 1916 that promised the Philippines a Commonwealth?
What significant act followed the Jones Law of 1916 that promised the Philippines a Commonwealth?
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Which of the following established a temporary government in the Philippines during American colonial rule?
Which of the following established a temporary government in the Philippines during American colonial rule?
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What was the outcome of the U.S. Congress enacting the Philippine Organic Act?
What was the outcome of the U.S. Congress enacting the Philippine Organic Act?
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During World War II, which key event marked the collapse of the USAFFE defense in the Philippines?
During World War II, which key event marked the collapse of the USAFFE defense in the Philippines?
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What promise did America make regarding the independence of the Philippines?
What promise did America make regarding the independence of the Philippines?
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Who was the first President of the Second Republic established during the Japanese occupation?
Who was the first President of the Second Republic established during the Japanese occupation?
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What marked the inauguration of the Philippine Commonwealth Government?
What marked the inauguration of the Philippine Commonwealth Government?
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What was a notable consequence of the Taft Commission's establishment?
What was a notable consequence of the Taft Commission's establishment?
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Study Notes
Philippine Politics and Governance
- Philippine history is divided into various historical periods, each impacting its political and governance structures.
- The precolonial period (before 1565): A multitude of small, independent communities existed, with governance based on tribal customs and traditions.
- Communities were organized into barangays (Balangay) and Sultanates, typically consisting of 30-100 families.
- Chieftains (Datus or Rajahs) were responsible for decision-making across social, cultural, spiritual, and political spheres.
- Pre-Spanish laws included oral traditions and written customary laws, determined by community elders and chieftains.
- Examples include the Maragtas Code, Code of Kalantiaw, and the Kor'an.
- Women in pre-colonial Filipino society held significant roles in intermarriages, trade, and rituals.
Spanish Period (1565-1898)
- The Spanish colonization led to significant changes in governance.
- The Spanish implemented a system where the Governor-General held vast powers, appointed minor officials, and nominated religious positions.
- The Governor-General also acted as Chief Justice and issued executive orders.
- Colonial rule established local governments through the Alcadia and Corregimiento.
- The Governor-General was the central figurehead of the Philippine government, with vast power in the colony.
- Filipinos were subjected to unpaid labor in shipyards (Polo y Servicio) and provincial commodity quotas (Bandala).
- The Encomienda system was a policy that rewarded Spanish crown servants by granting them land and its population for tribute, census, and labor.
- Social classes emerged, including a wealthy, educated class (Gente Illustrada) and a poorer, less-educated class (Gente Baja).
- The friars became influential, acting as supervisors of local elections, administrators, and tax collectors.
The Philippine Revolution
- On August 30, 1896, Governor-General Ramon Blanco imposed martial law in several provinces, due to the increasing rebellions.
- The Cry of Pugad Lawin marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution.
- Following Andres Bonifacio's death, Emilio Aguinaldo led the Katipunan.
- The Revolution ended with the Treaty of Paris (1898), where the U.S. purchased the Philippines from Spain.
- The Philippine-American War followed, leading to the establishment of the First Philippine Republic.
American Colonial Period and the First Philippine Republic
- The American period involved the establishment of the Military Government and subsequently, the Civil Government.
- The U.S. established a temporary government which, with the passage of the Philippine Organic Act, eventually organized local governments headed by Filipino leaders.
- The Philippine was proclaimed independent on June 12, 1898.
- The Malolos Constitution was drafted during this revolutionary period.
- Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as the first president under the Malolos Constitution.
- The constitution was established as a framework for a Filipino-run government.
Commonwealth Government and the Second Republic
- The inauguration of the Philippine Commonwealth occurred on November 15, 1935.
- The U.S. promised independence if the Philippines developed fully.
- The Jones Law of 1916 and the Tydings-McDuffie Law outlined the steps towards independence and the formation of the Commonwealth.
- The Second Republic was declared during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.
- President Manuel L. Quezon left for the U.S. due to the impending Japanese invasion, while commonwealth continued to represent the country.
Japanese Rule and the Hukbalahap Rebellion
- The Second World War disrupted the progress toward independence, resulting in the occupation by Japan.
- The American-Philippines forces were defeated by the Japanese during the War.
- During Japanese occupation, several Filipinos collaborated with the Japanese.
- Filipinos organized resistance and guerrilla groups, most notably the Hukbalahap.
Historical Periods
- These notes provide an overview of the significant historical periods impacting the evolution of Philippine politics, government, and governance, including crucial details on legislative, judicial, and executive powers, and the resulting social and political changes.
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Description
Explore the evolution of Philippine politics and governance from the precolonial period to the Spanish colonization. This quiz highlights the key historical periods, societal structures, and influential laws that shaped the nation's governance. Test your knowledge on the complex interplay between history, culture, and politics in the Philippines.
