Green Criminology: Harm and Anthropocentric Perspective

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What groups of people are more likely to be victims of environmental crime?

Those in the developing world, poor and ethnic minorities

What is the cumulative effect of individual acts of environmental crime?

A large impact on the environment

Who is responsible for the majority of water, air, and land pollution?

Large corporations

Who is the biggest institutional polluter according to Santana (2002)?

The military Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between organized crime and green crime?

Organized crime often colludes with governments and industry through contracts for waste disposal. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to study green crime?

There is no agreed definition of green crime. Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge in assessing the impact of green crime?

The long-term impact of green crime. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of research on green crime?

Much of the research is based on case studies. Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of Green Crime Transgressive entail?

Looking at the wider definitions of crime, including the harm caused by crimes, not just the breaking of state laws. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between an Anthropocentric and an Ecocentric perspective on environmental harm?

Anthropocentric perspective focuses on harm to the environment that affects humans, while Ecocentric perspective considers harm to any aspect of the environment as harm to the whole. Signup and view all the answers

Why is pollution considered a problem from an Anthropocentric perspective?

Because it damages human water supply or causes diseases that are expensive to overcome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Globalisation in the context of Green Crime?

Environmental crimes are global crimes, and a crime in one location can have knock-on effects across the planet. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging to police Green Crime?

Because an act can be done in one location and not be considered a crime, but have an impact on another location where the act is a crime, and it can be difficult to identify who is to blame. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Green Crime according to Traditional Criminology?

An unauthorised act or omission that violates the law of a state or nation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Traditional Criminology in the context of Green Crime?

Looking at patterns and causes of law breaking. Signup and view all the answers

Why is animal cruelty considered a Green Crime?

Because it causes harm to an aspect of the environment, regardless of any specific human cost. Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as a green crime, regardless of one's perspective?

Acts such as illegal trade in wildlife, smuggling of ozone-depleting substances, illicit trade in hazardous waste, illegal, unreported fishing, and illegal logging and the associated trade in stolen timber. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the current state of the Earth's ecosystem, according to recent scientific research?

Global ecosystem collapse Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of activities that contribute to the 'global ecosystem collapse'?

Pollution and excessive consumption. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the researchers that published a study on the 'global ecosystem collapse'?

Sato & Lindenmayer Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of green crimes on the environment?

Green crimes have a significant and devastating impact on the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the scope of green crimes?

Green crimes have a wide scope, including illegal trade in wildlife, smuggling of ozone-depleting substances, and illegal logging. Signup and view all the answers

Why are green crimes considered serious offenses?

Because they have a significant and devastating impact on the environment and ecosystems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of analysing recent statistics on green crimes?

To understand the increasing scope of green crime and put it in perspective. Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of social harms known as?

Zemiology Signup and view all the answers

According to Ulrich Beck, what is the characteristic of the risks created by modern industrial societies?

They are new, unknown in earlier days, and of a different order. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a 'new risky technology' according to Ulrich Beck?

Nuclear power Signup and view all the answers

What does Ulrich Beck mean by 'Smog is democratic'?

Environmental problems affect everyone, regardless of social divisions like class, ethnicity, and gender. Signup and view all the answers

What term does Ulrich Beck use to describe the current state of global risks?

Global risk society Signup and view all the answers

Why must all countries work together to tackle environmental problems, according to Ulrich Beck?

Because environmental damage is global and does not affect specific races, classes, or countries. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of responses does Ulrich Beck argue are needed to address environmental challenges?

Innovative political responses Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of green crime, according to Ulrich Beck's perspective?

It is truly global and transcends national boundaries. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Weir Waste Services case in Bordesley Green?

The company was fined £46,250 and ordered to pay £50,000 towards the costs of the prosecution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of the Environment Agency, as stated in the Weir Waste Services case?

The protection of the environment is of utmost importance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of green crime according to MJ Lynch (1990)?

Harms caused to living beings through the creation of environmental hazards existing at local and global levels. Signup and view all the answers

How does White (2006) define green crime?

Any human activity that harms the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Weir Waste Services case in relation to green crime?

It is a clear example of how important environmental damage is and the need for strong enforcement action against companies that breach environmental regulations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of Weir Waste Services' failure to comply with the enforcement notice?

The company was fined and ordered to pay costs towards the prosecution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why green crime is a serious problem?

Because it can damage the environment and those who are a part of it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Environment Agency's statement after the Weir Waste Services case?

It emphasizes the importance of strong enforcement action against companies that breach environmental regulations. Signup and view all the answers