Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was a key challenge faced by VW in maintaining affordability for its cars?
What was a key challenge faced by VW in maintaining affordability for its cars?
What contributed to the ineffective regulations in the automotive industry?
What contributed to the ineffective regulations in the automotive industry?
Which factor was NOT associated with outsiders trying to change corporate culture?
Which factor was NOT associated with outsiders trying to change corporate culture?
What is essential for effective exam preparation according to the guidelines?
What is essential for effective exam preparation according to the guidelines?
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Which of the following statements about the exam is true?
Which of the following statements about the exam is true?
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What was a primary method used by Volkswagen to circumvent emissions regulations?
What was a primary method used by Volkswagen to circumvent emissions regulations?
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Which level of analysis focuses on the personal characteristics of CEOs and their management styles?
Which level of analysis focuses on the personal characteristics of CEOs and their management styles?
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What type of corporate culture was present in Volkswagen during the emissions scandal?
What type of corporate culture was present in Volkswagen during the emissions scandal?
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What external factors contributed to the occurrence of the dieselgate scandal?
What external factors contributed to the occurrence of the dieselgate scandal?
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How did the leadership style of Volkswagen's CEOs impact management?
How did the leadership style of Volkswagen's CEOs impact management?
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What was one of the root causes for the involvement of MOCGs from Southeastern Europe?
What was one of the root causes for the involvement of MOCGs from Southeastern Europe?
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What significant change occurred in road emission testing for passenger cars?
What significant change occurred in road emission testing for passenger cars?
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What are the two main primary categories of green crimes?
What are the two main primary categories of green crimes?
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Which of the following entities can be perpetrators of green crimes?
Which of the following entities can be perpetrators of green crimes?
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What was a criticism faced by Volkswagen prior to the emissions scandal?
What was a criticism faced by Volkswagen prior to the emissions scandal?
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Which approach focuses on combining different criminological theories to analyze green crimes?
Which approach focuses on combining different criminological theories to analyze green crimes?
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What type of crime does the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) aim to regulate?
What type of crime does the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) aim to regulate?
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What characterizes mobile organized crime groups (MOCGs) in the context described?
What characterizes mobile organized crime groups (MOCGs) in the context described?
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Which of the following is NOT a secondary problem caused by green crimes?
Which of the following is NOT a secondary problem caused by green crimes?
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Which theoretical approach emphasizes systemic factors such as competition and regulation in understanding green crimes?
Which theoretical approach emphasizes systemic factors such as competition and regulation in understanding green crimes?
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What aspect is important for understanding the motivations behind mobile organized crime groups (MOCGs)?
What aspect is important for understanding the motivations behind mobile organized crime groups (MOCGs)?
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Study Notes
Green Crimes and Climate Change
- Green crimes are a significant business, causing environmental harm.
- Two main categories of green crime are illegal exploitation of natural resources and pollution of air, water, and soil.
- Secondary problems include climate change, migration, and violence.
- Perpetrators of green crimes include criminal organizations, legal entities, states, and individuals.
Criminological Perspectives
- Mainstream perspective
- Corporate criminal perspective
- State-crime perspective
- State-corporate crime perspective
- Cultural criminological perspective
- Feminist criminological perspective
- Global southern perspective
Tackling Environmental Crime
- Criminal law enforcement
- Regulation and administrative enforcement
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
- Basel Convention/EU Waste Shipment Regulation
- MARPOL convention
- Prevention
- Situational crime prevention methods
Theoretical Approaches
- All criminological concepts and theories are relevant
- Individual level explanations
- Social structure and social process theories
- Systemic level approaches
- Diane Vaughan's framework of analysis combines theories:
- Individual level (management)
- Organisational level (corporate culture, compliance mechanisms, functioning of the organisation)
- Systemic level (e.g., competition, regulation, enforcement)
Example: Mobile Organised Crime Groups
- Mobile criminal groups originate from Eastern and Southeastern Europe, involved in organized property crime in EU member states.
- Individual level: Background and motivations of leading individuals and vulnerabilities of victims
- Organisational level: Mapping the criminal business processes (recruiting members, transporting goods, storing stolen goods)
- Systemic level: Looking at structural economic differences within the EU.
The "Dieselgate" Scandal
- Fraud to circumvent stricter vehicle emission regulations
- Availability of digital engine control systems since the 1990s: Allowed for cheating
- Defeat devices to conceal excessive emissions during testing
- Road emission testing equipment for passenger cars was not available until 2008
Framework of Analysis
- Individual level: CEO personal characteristics and management style
- Organisational level: Internal complexity of organizations, internal compliance mechanisms, corporate culture
- Systemic level: Market characteristics and competition, lack of regulations and enforcement
Analysis: The CEO's
- High pressure on middle management
- CEOs as nightmares for underlings
- Risk-taking and rule-bending
- Huge egos
Analysis: Company Characteristics
- Centralised structure and "engineering culture"
- Lack of diversity
- Command and control management style
- Outsiders who tried to change corporate culture were not accepted
- Growth as the sole option: peculiar composition of supervisory board
- Lack or failure of internal compliance mechanisms
Analysis: Systemic Factors
- VW struggled to keep cars affordable under tighter environmental regulations
- Relatively low profit per car sold
- Automotive industry is a huge economic power
- Lack of effective regulations
- Lenient enforcement
Exam Information
- Exam scheduled for December 20th (resit January 24th)
- Time: 13:00 - 15:00 (120 minutes)
- No reading material, notes, slides, etc. allowed (paper or digital)
- No access to the Internet
- Only one correct answer per question
- Questions and answers randomized
Exam Preparation
- Thorough understanding of:
- Criminological perspectives (e.g., mainstream, white-collar, state-corporate crime)
- Criminological theories (e.g., individual, social structure, and systemic)
- Key thinkers (e.g., Beccaria, Hobbes, Durkheim, Foucault)
- Practice exams to familiarize yourself with question formulation
- Carefully read questions and answers
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Description
Explore the concepts of green crimes, their impact on the environment, and the various criminological perspectives that analyze these issues. Delve into enforcement strategies and theoretical approaches to combat environmental crime and understand the dynamics involved. This quiz covers critical insights related to climate change and criminal activities affecting natural resources.
