Green Chemistry and DDT

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Questions and Answers

What was a significant action taken by President Kennedy in response to a book about pesticides?

He promoted organic farming methods.

He ordered the testing of pesticides. (correct)

He banned all chemical products.

He started a public awareness campaign.

Which synthetic chemical in cosmetic products is frequently linked to health risks?

Mercury (correct)

Arsenic

Formaldehyde

Lead

Which of the following is NOT a health risk associated with mercury exposure?

Nervous system disorders

Skin poisoning

Kidney damage

Increased intelligence (correct)

What main goal does green chemistry aim to achieve?

To create safer and better chemical substances Signup and view all the answers

Who first introduced the term 'green chemistry'?

Paul T. Anastas Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase is synonymous with green chemistry?

Benign-by-design chemistry Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major benefits of implementing green chemistry?

Reduced environmental impact Signup and view all the answers

What was identified as a major effect of DDT in Indonesia?

It damaged ecosystems and threatened life forms. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary concern that led to the emergence of green chemistry?

Environmental sustainability Signup and view all the answers

What significant publication raised awareness about the dangers of uncontrolled chemical use?

A Silent Spring Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical was specifically noted for its severe environmental impact in the mid-20th century?

DDT Signup and view all the answers

What happened when DDT was sprayed in an oak forest in Pennsylvania in 1945?

It resulted in the death of 4,000 birds. Signup and view all the answers

How did the concentration of DDT affect higher trophic levels in the food chain?

Concentration increased as it moved up the food chain. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main effects of DDT on bald eagles and peregrine falcons?

Thinning of egg shells Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of waste prevention prioritize?

Reducing the amount of waste generated Signup and view all the answers

What was the original finding about DDT that led to its widespread use during WWII?

It effectively killed various diseases' pests. Signup and view all the answers

What was the nature of the response from the chemical industry to Rachel Carson's warnings?

They launched a campaign against her. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle focuses on maximizing the utilization of materials in a chemical process?

Good Atom Management Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus when designing chemicals under the principles of Green Chemistry?

Minimizing the toxicity of chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the use of renewable raw materials whenever possible?

Use of Renewable Raw Materials Signup and view all the answers

How does the principle of real-time analysis contribute to Green Chemistry?

It facilitates immediate prevention of hazardous substance formation. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle addresses the safe use of solvents and supporting materials?

Safe Solvent Use Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of degradation design focus on?

Designing substances that are easily degradable after use Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of designing energy-efficient systems in Green Chemistry?

To achieve efficiency at low temperatures and pressures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of tamarind seed kernel powder?

To purify wastewater from households and industries Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using tamarind seed kernel powder over aluminum salts for water treatment?

It is cheaper and less toxic Signup and view all the answers

What environmental policy has been implemented in Indonesia to promote green chemistry?

PROPER Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a principle of green chemistry?

Designing processes that minimize waste Signup and view all the answers

What harmful effects can aluminum salts have on health?

Contributing to conditions like Alzheimer’s disease Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the use of biopesticides relate to sustainable agriculture?

They are made from natural materials and reduce chemical toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Why is the economic viability of tamarind seed kernel powder as a flocculant significant?

It is competitive with conventional flocculants like potash alum Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of green chemistry in industrial applications?

To reduce waste and increase safety Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of applying atom economy in chemical processes?

To maximize the desired product compared to the reactants. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a characteristic of green chemistry?

It aims to create sustainable processes that minimize environmental impact. Signup and view all the answers

In achieving a high atom economy, what outcome signifies the most efficient reaction?

All reactants are completely converted into the final product. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common by-product in the synthesis of ibuprofen?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is NOT part of green chemistry principles?

Creating waste that harms the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What role does HF play in the synthesis of ibuprofen?

It functions both as an acid catalyst and a solvent. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about atom economy is true?

It assesses the ratio of products produced to reactants used. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the application of green chemistry in molecule design?

To access information about the potential hazards of chemical substances. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Green Chemistry (Kimia Hijau)

Green Chemistry is an approach to the design, production, and use of chemical products to reduce or eliminate the adverse impacts on human health and the environment.
The concept emerged from concerns about the hazardous effects of chemical substances, particularly in the mid-20th century.
Green Chemistry aims to minimize or eliminate the use of hazardous substances in chemical processes, maximizing the use of renewable resources.
Rachel Carson's 1962 book, "Silent Spring," highlighted environmental damage from pesticides.

DDT (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane)

DDT is a chemical insecticide invented in the 1930s.
Extremely effective against pests, DDT was widely used in World War II and afterwards.
Despite minimal testing, it became immensely popular.
DDT's environmental impact turned out to be severe. Studies in 1945 showed that applications of even small amounts of DDT could wipe out entire bird populations within a week; it also affected aquatic life.
DDT persists in the environment. DDT stays in the environment for extended periods, entering food webs and concentrating in higher trophic levels (animals at the top of the food chain).
DDT's thinning of eggshells in birds had devastating consequences for bird populations.

Acute and Chronic Health Effects of Pesticide Use

Pesticide use at work can cause various health problems, both immediate and long-term.
These effects include neurological issues (headaches, dizziness, seizures), hormonal disruptions, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, liver damage, microbiome disruption, and inherited genetic effects.
Other adverse health effects are mental illness, cognitive impairment, skin and eye damage, respiratory issues, immunological problems, and carcinogens.

Mercury (Merkuri) as a Skin Lightener

Mercury is a toxic metal.
Used in skin-lightening products, it poses major health risks, including long-term skin damage.
The prolonged use of mercury-based skin lightening products can lead to various health problems.
Regulatory measures regarding the use of mercury in skin care products exist in many countries due to its known toxicity.

12 Principles of Green Chemistry

These principles guide the design of chemical reactions and processes to minimize their environmental impact.
They emphasize preventing waste, maximizing energy efficiency, using renewable feedstocks, and designing safer chemicals.
The principles assist in reducing or eliminating harmful impacts to health and the environment.

Atom Economy

Atom economy is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction.
It represents the proportion of atoms in the starting materials that end up in the desired product, minimizing waste.
Atom economy should be maximized to minimize waste products generated.

Green Chemistry Support Sustainability

Green Chemistry is a crucial strategy for attaining environmental, economic and social sustainability.
Key elements of Green Chemistry efforts are chemical safety, reduced industrial use of hazardous chemicals, more efficient chemical processes, and waste minimization.

Green Chemistry Implementation

Green chemistry practices must be implemented across the entire chemical life cycle, from design and preparation of raw materials to the final disposition of waste.
Green Chemistry's principle is to identify better ways to design chemical products and processes while minimizing damage to the environment and human health.

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Description

This quiz explores the principles of Green Chemistry and its significant relevance to environmental health. It also delves into the history and impact of DDT as a widely used insecticide, highlighting the lessons learned from its environmental consequences. Understand how Green Chemistry aims to reduce hazards in chemical production for a sustainable future.