Greek Mythology and History Quiz

Greek Gods

• Zeus - King of the Gods, God of the sky and thunder
• Hera - Queen of the Gods, Goddess of marriage and women
• Poseidon - God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses
• Hades - God of the underworld, death, and the dead
• Demeter - Goddess of agriculture, harvest, and fertility
• Athena - Goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts
• Apollo - God of music, poetry, prophecy, and the sun
• Artemis - Goddess of the hunt, wild animals, and the moon
• Ares - God of war and violence
• Aphrodite - Goddess of love, beauty, and pleasure
• Hephaestus - God of fire, metalworking, and crafts
• Hermes - Messenger of the Gods, God of travel, commerce, and thieves

General Greek History

• The Mycenaean Civilization (c. 1600-1100 BCE) - A powerful civilization known for its large palaces, advanced technology, and military prowess.
• The Dark Ages (c. 1100-800 BCE) - Period of decline in Greek civilization after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization. This period saw a loss of literacy and a decline in population.
• The Archaic Period (c. 800-500 BCE) - Period of rebirth and cultural flourishing. Key elements include the development of city-states, the rise of poetry and philosophy, and the expansion of Greek trade throughout the Mediterranean The Persian Wars (c. 500-449 BCE) - A series of conflicts between the Greeks and the Persian Empire, culminating in Greek victories at Marathon, Salamis, and Plataea. These victories preserved Greek independence and marked the beginning of the Classical Period.

General Roman History

• The Roman Republic (509-27 BCE) - A period of expansion and power, marked by a complex system of government, the rise of powerful military leaders, and the conquest of much of the Mediterranean world. The Roman Empire (27 BCE-476 CE) - A period of peace and prosperity under a strong central government. The Empire reached its greatest extent under Emperor Augustus.
• The Pax Romana (c. 27 BCE-180 CE) - A period of relative peace and stability within the Roman Empire, marked by economic expansion and flourishing of the arts and sciences.
• The decline and fall of the Roman Empire (c. 3rd-5th centuries CE) - A period of economic decline, political instability, and Barbarian invasions that ultimately led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.

Famous People

• Socrates (c. 470-399 BCE) - A Greek philosopher who emphasized moral virtue, critical thinking, and self-knowledge. He was accused of impiety and corrupting the youth and was executed by the Athenian state.
• Plato (c. 428-348 BCE) - A student of Socrates, Plato developed his own philosophical system, stressing the importance of reason, justice, and the pursuit of knowledge. He founded the Academy, a philosophical school which flourished for hundreds of years.
• Aristotle (c. 384-322 BCE) - A student of Plato, Aristotle was one of the most influential philosophers of all time. He emphasized observation, logic, and the pursuit of scientific knowledge. He taught Alexander the Great.
• Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE) - A Macedonian King, conqueror, and one of the world's most famous military leaders. Alexander conquered vast territories in Asia and Africa, spreading Greek culture and ideas. The conquests of Alexander resulted in a vast Hellenistic culture.
• Julius Caesar (c. 100-44 BCE) - A Roman general and statesman who played a key role in the rise of the Roman Empire. He was assassinated by members of the Roman Senate who feared his growing power.
• Augustus Caesar (63 BCE-14 CE) - The first Roman emperor, Augustus established the Roman Empire, a period of peace and prosperity.
• Cleopatra (c. 69-30 BCE) - The last active pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Cleopatra was known for her intelligence, political acumen, and her relationships with Roman leaders.
• Cicero (106-43 BCE) - A Roman statesman, orator, and writer, known for his eloquence and his philosophical writings.
• Marcus Aurelius (121-180 CE) - A Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher. He wrote the philosophical text "Meditations" and is considered one of the wisest and most influential figures in Roman history.

Terms

• Democracy: A political system where power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or through a system of representation.
• Oligarchy: A form of government where power is held by a small group of people, often those who control the most wealth or influence.

Chapter 1, 2, and 5

• Historiography: - The study of historical writing, its methods, sources, and biases.
• Bias: A tendency to favor one side of an issue over another, often based on personal beliefs or experiences.
• Primary sources: Documents, artifacts, or other objects produced during the time period being studied.
• Secondary sources: Books, articles, or other documents written about or analyzing primary sources.
• Ancient History: The study of the past, typically from the invention of writing until the Late Middle Ages.

Primary and Secondary Sources

• Primary Sources:
  • Manuscripts about a specific topic
  • Poems by a person
• Secondary Sources:
  • Articles analyzing a specific topic
  • Books about a person