60 Questions
What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation seen in hand granulomatous inflammation?
Activated macrophages with epithelioid appearance
Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential cause of hand granulomatous inflammation?
Viral infections
What type of cells are commonly found in a focal area of granulomatous inflammation?
Epithelioid cells and giant cells
In hand granuloma, what are epithelioid histiocytes known for?
Abundant pink granular cytoplasm
What is a characteristic feature of giant cells in hand granuloma?
Multinucleation due to fusion of macrophages
Which type of giant cell is specifically associated with tuberculosis or foreign body reactions?
Langhans giant cell
What is the main player in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages
Which type of monocytes migrate to tissues and differentiate into macrophages?
Blood monocytes
What is the function of IFN-y in macrophage activation?
Induce classical (M1) macrophage activation
What is a hallmark of chronic inflammation?
Inducing considerable tissue destruction
How do activated lymphocytes and macrophages affect each other in the inflammatory response?
Stimulate each other and release mediators
What type of inflammation involves the formation of granulomas?
Chronic inflammation
What are the main characteristics of chronic inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?
Active inflammation, attempts at healing by connective tissue, and tissue destruction
What is one of the histological features of active inflammation in chronic inflammation?
Increased neutrophils count
Which disease is mentioned by Dr. C.Hand as an example of primary chronic inflammation?
Tuberculosis (TB)
How does chronic inflammation typically progress from acute inflammation?
By proliferation of fibroblasts and small blood vessels
What is the role of macrophages in chronic inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?
To play a part in tissue destruction
What are the common cells present during active inflammation in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells
What is the primary mechanism by which fever is induced in response to pyrogens like LPS?
Elevated levels of TNF and IL-1 leading to increased prostaglandins
Which acute-phase protein acts as an opsonin by binding to microbial cells to aid in their elimination?
C-reactive protein (CRP)
In the context of inflammation, what is the main cellular infiltrate seen in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
Which type of inflammation is characterized by mild and self-limited tissue injury, usually with fast onset?
Acute inflammation
What is the primary feature that distinguishes granulomatous inflammation from other types of inflammation?
Presence of multinucleated giant cells
Which setting is most likely to lead to serous inflammation?
Blister formation
What type of inflammation is characterized by the outpouring of thin fluid, such as serum, from serous cavities?
Fibrinous inflammation
What type of inflammation involves the accumulation of modified macrophages known as epithelioid cells?
Granulomatous inflammation
Which type of inflammation involves the exudation of large amounts of plasma proteins, including fibrinogen?
Fibrinous inflammation
What type of inflammation is associated with the formation of an ulcer?
Necrotising inflammation
In which type of inflammation might one observe a collection of serous effusion separating the epidermis from the dermis?
Serous inflammation
Which type of inflammation is characterized by accumulations of stringy pale fibrin?
Fibrinous inflammation
What are the main characteristics of chronic inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?
Active inflammation, attempts at healing by connective tissue, tissue destruction
What is a primary cause of chronic inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?
Primary diseases like Tuberculosis and Rheumatoid arthritis
How does chronic inflammation typically differ from acute inflammation?
Chronic inflammation shows attempts at healing by connective tissue, while acute inflammation does not
What histological feature is associated with active inflammation in chronic inflammation?
Proliferation of fibroblasts and small blood vessels
Which type of inflammation can progress from acute inflammation and involve recurrent episodes?
Primary chronic inflammation
In chronic inflammation, what cell types are commonly present and contribute to the ongoing inflammatory process?
Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells
What is the main function of oxygen metabolites secreted by macrophages in chronic inflammation?
Exhibit cytotoxic effects on invaders
In chronic inflammation, which type of macrophage activation involves the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
Classical (M1)
What is the reciprocal relationship between lymphocytes and macrophages in the context of inflammatory responses?
They stimulate each other's activation and release mediators that affect other cells
What role do growth factors secreted by macrophages play in chronic inflammation?
Attracting fibroblasts for tissue repair
Which type of monocytes migrate to tissues and differentiate into macrophages in chronic inflammation?
Blood monocytes
What are the main functions of proteases secreted by macrophages in chronic inflammation?
Breaking down extracellular matrix (ECM)
What is the main histological feature seen in fibrinous pericarditis?
Deposits of fibrin on pericardium
In suppurative inflammation, what is the primary component of the abscess?
Neutrophils and cellular debris
What defines an ulcer in the context of inflammation?
Acute inflammatory exudate in the crater
What is the main characteristic of an empyema?
Hollow area filled with pus
What distinguishes fibrinous inflammation from other types of inflammation?
Precipitation of masses of fibrin
Which type of inflammation involves a pink meshwork of fibrin exudate overlying a surface?
Fibrinous pericarditis
Which type of inflammation involves the formation of necrotizing and gangrenous tissues?
Granulomatous inflammation
What is the defining feature of an abscess in purulent inflammation?
Pus filled with neutrophils and cellular debris
What cellular infiltrate is common in serous inflammation?
Mesothelial cells
Which characteristic is not typically seen in granulomatous inflammation?
Presence of serous effusion
What is a potential outcome of fibrinous inflammation in the body cavities?
Pericarditis with strands of fibrin
What distinguishes serous inflammation from other types of inflammation?
Outpouring of thin fluid
What is the primary cellular infiltrate in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
Which of the following is elevated in acute-phase response and acts as an opsonin by binding to microbial cells for elimination?
C-reactive protein (CRP)
What is a key feature that distinguishes chronic from acute inflammation?
Presence of macrophages
Which factor released by microbes induces the response leading to fever by increasing prostaglandins?
Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
What type of inflammation is characterized by the accumulation of stringy pale fibrin?
Fibrinous inflammation
Which cytokines are responsible for inducing the constitutional symptoms like malaise and somnolence observed during inflammation?
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1)
Learn about the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation characterized by activated macrophages with epithelioid appearance. Explore the causes including specific infections, foreign bodies, and unknown factors. Discover the different types such as Hand Granuloma and its associations with immune and infectious diseases.
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