Granulomatous Inflammation Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation seen in hand granulomatous inflammation?

  • Lymphocytic infiltrate
  • Activated macrophages with epithelioid appearance (correct)
  • Chronic inflammation with eosinophils
  • Acute inflammation with neutrophils

Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential cause of hand granulomatous inflammation?

  • Foreign bodies like endogenous talc
  • Specific infections like mycobacteria
  • Viral infections (correct)
  • Unknown causes like sarcoidosis

What type of cells are commonly found in a focal area of granulomatous inflammation?

  • Neutrophils
  • Epithelioid cells and giant cells (correct)
  • Plasma cells
  • T cells

In hand granuloma, what are epithelioid histiocytes known for?

<p>Abundant pink granular cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of giant cells in hand granuloma?

<p>Multinucleation due to fusion of macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of giant cell is specifically associated with tuberculosis or foreign body reactions?

<p>Langhans giant cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main player in chronic inflammation?

<p>Macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of monocytes migrate to tissues and differentiate into macrophages?

<p>Blood monocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IFN-y in macrophage activation?

<p>Induce classical (M1) macrophage activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of chronic inflammation?

<p>Inducing considerable tissue destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do activated lymphocytes and macrophages affect each other in the inflammatory response?

<p>Stimulate each other and release mediators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation involves the formation of granulomas?

<p>Chronic inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of chronic inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?

<p>Active inflammation, attempts at healing by connective tissue, and tissue destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the histological features of active inflammation in chronic inflammation?

<p>Increased neutrophils count (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is mentioned by Dr. C.Hand as an example of primary chronic inflammation?

<p>Tuberculosis (TB) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic inflammation typically progress from acute inflammation?

<p>By proliferation of fibroblasts and small blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of macrophages in chronic inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?

<p>To play a part in tissue destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common cells present during active inflammation in chronic inflammation?

<p>Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which fever is induced in response to pyrogens like LPS?

<p>Elevated levels of TNF and IL-1 leading to increased prostaglandins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acute-phase protein acts as an opsonin by binding to microbial cells to aid in their elimination?

<p>C-reactive protein (CRP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of inflammation, what is the main cellular infiltrate seen in acute inflammation?

<p>Neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation is characterized by mild and self-limited tissue injury, usually with fast onset?

<p>Acute inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature that distinguishes granulomatous inflammation from other types of inflammation?

<p>Presence of multinucleated giant cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which setting is most likely to lead to serous inflammation?

<p>Blister formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is characterized by the outpouring of thin fluid, such as serum, from serous cavities?

<p>Fibrinous inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation involves the accumulation of modified macrophages known as epithelioid cells?

<p>Granulomatous inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation involves the exudation of large amounts of plasma proteins, including fibrinogen?

<p>Fibrinous inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is associated with the formation of an ulcer?

<p>Necrotising inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of inflammation might one observe a collection of serous effusion separating the epidermis from the dermis?

<p>Serous inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation is characterized by accumulations of stringy pale fibrin?

<p>Fibrinous inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of chronic inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?

<p>Active inflammation, attempts at healing by connective tissue, tissue destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of chronic inflammation according to Dr. C.Hand?

<p>Primary diseases like Tuberculosis and Rheumatoid arthritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic inflammation typically differ from acute inflammation?

<p>Chronic inflammation shows attempts at healing by connective tissue, while acute inflammation does not (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What histological feature is associated with active inflammation in chronic inflammation?

<p>Proliferation of fibroblasts and small blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation can progress from acute inflammation and involve recurrent episodes?

<p>Primary chronic inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In chronic inflammation, what cell types are commonly present and contribute to the ongoing inflammatory process?

<p>Macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oxygen metabolites secreted by macrophages in chronic inflammation?

<p>Exhibit cytotoxic effects on invaders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In chronic inflammation, which type of macrophage activation involves the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)?

<p>Classical (M1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reciprocal relationship between lymphocytes and macrophages in the context of inflammatory responses?

<p>They stimulate each other's activation and release mediators that affect other cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do growth factors secreted by macrophages play in chronic inflammation?

<p>Attracting fibroblasts for tissue repair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of monocytes migrate to tissues and differentiate into macrophages in chronic inflammation?

<p><em>Blood monocytes</em> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of proteases secreted by macrophages in chronic inflammation?

<p>Breaking down extracellular matrix (ECM) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main histological feature seen in fibrinous pericarditis?

<p>Deposits of fibrin on pericardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In suppurative inflammation, what is the primary component of the abscess?

<p>Neutrophils and cellular debris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an ulcer in the context of inflammation?

<p>Acute inflammatory exudate in the crater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of an empyema?

<p>Hollow area filled with pus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fibrinous inflammation from other types of inflammation?

<p>Precipitation of masses of fibrin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation involves a pink meshwork of fibrin exudate overlying a surface?

<p>Fibrinous pericarditis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation involves the formation of necrotizing and gangrenous tissues?

<p>Granulomatous inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of an abscess in purulent inflammation?

<p>Pus filled with neutrophils and cellular debris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular infiltrate is common in serous inflammation?

<p>Mesothelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is not typically seen in granulomatous inflammation?

<p>Presence of serous effusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of fibrinous inflammation in the body cavities?

<p>Pericarditis with strands of fibrin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes serous inflammation from other types of inflammation?

<p>Outpouring of thin fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cellular infiltrate in acute inflammation?

<p>Neutrophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is elevated in acute-phase response and acts as an opsonin by binding to microbial cells for elimination?

<p>C-reactive protein (CRP) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature that distinguishes chronic from acute inflammation?

<p>Presence of macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor released by microbes induces the response leading to fever by increasing prostaglandins?

<p>Interleukin-1 (IL-1) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammation is characterized by the accumulation of stringy pale fibrin?

<p>Fibrinous inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are responsible for inducing the constitutional symptoms like malaise and somnolence observed during inflammation?

<p>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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