Questions and Answers
What is the term for a sentence that contains one independent clause?
Simple sentence
What is the most common word order in English sentences?
SVO (Subject-Verb-Object)
Which type of sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction?
Compound sentence
What type of modifier functions as an adjective or adverb?
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What is the term for a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses?
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Study Notes
Grammar
Clauses
- Independent clause: a complete sentence that expresses a complete thought
- Dependent clause: a group of words that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
- Relative clause: a dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that)
- Subordinate clause: a dependent clause that begins with a subordinating conjunction (because, although, if, unless, while)
Phrases
- Noun phrase: a phrase that functions as a noun in a sentence
- Verb phrase: a phrase that functions as a verb in a sentence
- Adjective phrase: a phrase that functions as an adjective in a sentence
- Adverb phrase: a phrase that functions as an adverb in a sentence
Tenses
- Present tense: used to describe an action that is happening now
- Examples: I am studying, she is reading
- Past tense: used to describe an action that happened in the past
- Examples: I studied, she read
- Future tense: used to describe an action that will happen in the future
- Examples: I will study, she will read
Modals
- Can: used to express ability or possibility
- Could: used to express ability or possibility in the past
- May: used to express permission or possibility
- Might: used to express possibility or uncertainty
- Shall: used to express future action or intention
- Should: used to express obligation or recommendation
- Will: used to express future action or intention
- Would: used to express past habit or possibility
Active and Passive Voice
- Active voice: the subject performs the action
- Example: The dog bites the man.
- Passive voice: the subject receives the action
- Example: The man was bitten by the dog.
Syntax
Sentence Structure
- Simple sentence: a sentence with one independent clause
- Compound sentence: a sentence with two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction
- Complex sentence: a sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
- Compound-complex sentence: a sentence with two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
Word Order
- SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) word order: the most common word order in English sentences
- SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) word order: used in some sentences for emphasis or clarity
- OSV (Object-Subject-Verb) word order: used in some sentences for emphasis or clarity
Modifiers
- Adjectives: modify nouns or pronouns
- Adverbs: modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
- Phrasal modifiers: phrases that function as adjectives or adverbs
Grammar
Clauses
- Independent clause: expresses a complete thought
- Dependent clause: cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
- Relative clause: begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that)
- Subordinate clause: begins with a subordinating conjunction (because, although, if, unless, while)
Phrases
- Noun phrase: functions as a noun in a sentence
- Verb phrase: functions as a verb in a sentence
- Adjective phrase: functions as an adjective in a sentence
- Adverb phrase: functions as an adverb in a sentence
Tenses
- Present tense: describes an action happening now
- Examples: I am studying, she is reading
- Past tense: describes an action that happened in the past
- Examples: I studied, she read
- Future tense: describes an action that will happen in the future
- Examples: I will study, she will read
Modals
- Can: expresses ability or possibility
- Could: expresses ability or possibility in the past
- May: expresses permission or possibility
- Might: expresses possibility or uncertainty
- Shall: expresses future action or intention
- Should: expresses obligation or recommendation
- Will: expresses future action or intention
- Would: expresses past habit or possibility
Active and Passive Voice
- Active voice: subject performs the action
- Example: The dog bites the man
- Passive voice: subject receives the action
- Example: The man was bitten by the dog
Syntax
Sentence Structure
- Simple sentence: one independent clause
- Compound sentence: two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction
- Complex sentence: one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses
- Compound-complex sentence: two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses
Word Order
- SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) word order: most common in English sentences
- SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) word order: used for emphasis or clarity
- OSV (Object-Subject-Verb) word order: used for emphasis or clarity
Modifiers
- Adjectives: modify nouns or pronouns
- Adverbs: modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
- Phrasal modifiers: phrases that function as adjectives or adverbs
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Description
This quiz covers the different types of clauses and phrases in grammar, including independent and dependent clauses, relative clauses, subordinate clauses, noun phrases, and more.
