40 Questions
What is the function of the hook in bacteria?
Anchors the flagellum
Where are the axial filaments found in bacteria located?
Internal to the cell and anchored at one end
What is the main function of fimbriae in bacteria?
Allow for attachment to surfaces
What distinguishes Gram-positive bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria in terms of their cell walls?
Presence of Teichoic acids
Which type of bacteria has an outer membrane with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
Gram-negative bacteria
In which type of bacteria may one find the basal body that anchors the flagellum?
Bacilli
What is the function of Lipid A in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Functions as a toxin
What is the main function of pili in bacteria?
"Twitching" motility & DNA transfer from one cell to another
Which component joins Lipid A & O polysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria?
Core polysaccharide
"Rotating Endoflagellum results in which type of motion in bacteria?"
"Corkscrew/spiral motion"
What type of stain is used for Genus Mycobacterium instead of the Gram stain?
Acid-fast stain
What feature distinguishes the cell walls of Genus Mycobacterium?
Waxy lipid (mycolic acid) bound to peptidoglycan
In which domain is peptidoglycan absent in the cell wall?
Archaea
What is the function of the Plasma (Cell) Membrane in a bacterium?
Allows for passage of some molecules, but not others
Which function does the Plasma Membrane serve in a bacterium?
Site of ATP production
What type of transport involves the movement of solutes from an area of high to low concentration without requiring energy?
Passive Transport
What is the main function of carboxysomes in bacterial cells?
Enzyme reserves for photosynthesis
Which bacterial genera are known for producing endospores?
Bacillus and Clostridium
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of genetic material?
Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes, while eukaryotes have paired chromosomes.
Which carbohydrate is typically found in the cell walls of fungi?
Chitin
What is the main function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Digestive enzymes
Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria
What is the role of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?
Photosynthesis
What is the function of centrosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Forming the mitotic spindle
What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells measured in?
Microns
Which term refers to spiral-shaped prokaryotes with rigid, short/thick, and loosely-coiled cells?
Spirilla
What distinguishes the flagella of prokaryotic cells from each other, allowing for distinguishing subspecies/strains?
Protein
Which type of glycocalyx is thick, organized, and tightly attached to the cell wall?
Capsule
What is the function of the capsule in bacterial cells?
Escapes phagocytosis
Which term describes prokaryotic cell arrangement in cube-like groups of eight?
Sarcinae
Flagella are filamentous appendages made of which protein?
Flagellin
Which term refers to the spiral-shaped prokaryotes with flexible, longer/thin, and tightly-coiled cells?
Spirochetes
What is the main characteristic of active transport?
Movement of solutes from low to high concentration
Which organelle is present in the cytoplasm along with proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and ions?
Ribosomes
What do bacterial ribosomes serve as in the cell?
Sites of protein synthesis
What is the function of plasmids in bacterial cells?
Contain non-crucial genes related to adaptability and survival
What are inclusion bodies in bacterial cells primarily responsible for?
Storage of reserve materials
In which type of solution does osmosis occur?
Hypotonic solution
What is the composition of a bacterial ribosome?
Consists of a large and small subunit made of RNA and proteins
What differentiates simple diffusion from facilitated diffusion?
Simple diffusion requires specific channel proteins, facilitated diffusion does not.
Learn about the differential staining technique of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the unique cell wall structures of atypical bacteria such as Mycobacterium and Mycoplasma.
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