Gram Staining and Cell Wall Structure in Bacteria
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the hook in bacteria?

  • Prevents osmotic lysis
  • Allows for attachment to surfaces
  • Contains peptidoglycan
  • Anchors the flagellum (correct)

    • Where are the axial filaments found in bacteria located?

  • Attached to the hook
  • External to the cell
  • Within the cytoplasm
  • Internal to the cell and anchored at one end (correct)

    • What is the main function of fimbriae in bacteria?

  • Allow for attachment to surfaces (correct)
  • Anchor the flagellum
  • Resist Penicillin
  • Enable corkscrew motion

    • What distinguishes Gram-positive bacteria from Gram-negative bacteria in terms of their cell walls?

    <p>Presence of Teichoic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria has an outer membrane with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

    <p>Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of bacteria may one find the basal body that anchors the flagellum?

    <p>Bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Lipid A in Gram-Negative Bacteria?

    <p>Functions as a toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pili in bacteria?

    <p>&quot;Twitching&quot; motility &amp; DNA transfer from one cell to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component joins Lipid A & O polysaccharide in Gram-Negative Bacteria?

    <p>Core polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Rotating Endoflagellum results in which type of motion in bacteria?"

    <p>&quot;Corkscrew/spiral motion&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stain is used for Genus Mycobacterium instead of the Gram stain?

    <p>Acid-fast stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes the cell walls of Genus Mycobacterium?

    <p>Waxy lipid (mycolic acid) bound to peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which domain is peptidoglycan absent in the cell wall?

    <p>Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Plasma (Cell) Membrane in a bacterium?

    <p>Allows for passage of some molecules, but not others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does the Plasma Membrane serve in a bacterium?

    <p>Site of ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves the movement of solutes from an area of high to low concentration without requiring energy?

    <p>Passive Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of carboxysomes in bacterial cells?

    <p>Enzyme reserves for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial genera are known for producing endospores?

    <p>Bacillus and Clostridium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of genetic material?

    <p>Prokaryotes have circular chromosomes, while eukaryotes have paired chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is typically found in the cell walls of fungi?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of centrosomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Forming the mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells measured in?

    <p>Microns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to spiral-shaped prokaryotes with rigid, short/thick, and loosely-coiled cells?

    <p>Spirilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the flagella of prokaryotic cells from each other, allowing for distinguishing subspecies/strains?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glycocalyx is thick, organized, and tightly attached to the cell wall?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the capsule in bacterial cells?

    <p>Escapes phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes prokaryotic cell arrangement in cube-like groups of eight?

    <p>Sarcinae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flagella are filamentous appendages made of which protein?

    <p>Flagellin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the spiral-shaped prokaryotes with flexible, longer/thin, and tightly-coiled cells?

    <p>Spirochetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of active transport?

    <p>Movement of solutes from low to high concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is present in the cytoplasm along with proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and ions?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bacterial ribosomes serve as in the cell?

    <p>Sites of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of plasmids in bacterial cells?

    <p>Contain non-crucial genes related to adaptability and survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are inclusion bodies in bacterial cells primarily responsible for?

    <p>Storage of reserve materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of solution does osmosis occur?

    <p>Hypotonic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of a bacterial ribosome?

    <p>Consists of a large and small subunit made of RNA and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates simple diffusion from facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Simple diffusion requires specific channel proteins, facilitated diffusion does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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