Gram Staining and Cell Wall Characteristics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about cells is true?

  • All cells contain DNA and RNA as genetic material. (correct)
  • Cells do not exhibit any functions of life.
  • Viruses are considered living cells.
  • Cells can originate from non-living sources.

What is the fundamental unit of life?

  • Atoms
  • Organisms
  • Molecules
  • Cells (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

  • They have a well-defined nucleus.
  • They have membrane-bound organelles.
  • They lack a nuclear membrane. (correct)
  • They are multicellular organisms.

What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?

<p>Protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms are considered unicellular?

<p>Bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

<p>Regulating the flow of substances in and out of the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of eukaryotic cells?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytoplasm in cells?

<p>Facilitating chemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

<p>Viruses can only reproduce using the machinery of living cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of cells in the human body?

<p>$10^{12}$ cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

The Cell Theory

  • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
  • Each cell is the smallest fundamental living unit
  • All cells originate from preexisting cells

Cells: Structural and Functional Units of Life

  • Cells are the basic structural units of life
  • Cells are also the functional units of life, performing functions such as:
    • Taking in nutrients (feeding)
    • Respiration
    • Removing wastes (excretion)
    • Repair, growth, and reproduction
    • Sensing and reacting to changes (irritability)

Characteristics of Cells

  • All cells have the same basic chemistry, including:
    • DNA and RNA (genetic material)
    • Cytoplasm
    • Protein-building ribosomes
    • Cell membranes
  • Cells vary greatly in size, shape, growth, chemical requirements, specializations, and functions

Eukaryotic Cells

  • Larger and more advanced than prokaryotes
  • Have a definite membrane-bound nucleus
  • Have linear DNA
  • Have membrane-bound organelles
  • Examples: protists, plants, fungi, humans

Cell Membranes

  • Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  • Acts as a boundary to all living cells
  • Composed of lipids (fats) in a double layer (bilayer) and proteins
  • Allows movement of necessary nutrient and waste molecules
  • Found surrounding organelles (endo-membranes)

Protoplasm

  • Refers to the contents of the cell membrane
  • Comprised of cytoplasm and nucleus (in eukaryotes)
  • Cytoplasm consists of cytosol, organelles, and cytoskeleton
  • Cytosol is the fluid inside the cell membrane
  • Organelles are specialized subunits with specific functions

Ribosomes

  • Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  • Composed of rRNA and proteins
  • Not enclosed by a membrane
  • Function: to manufacture proteins
  • Found free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (in eukaryotes)

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