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What type of infections are primarily caused by Legionella?
What type of infections are primarily caused by Legionella?
Which disease is caused by members of the genus Brucella in humans?
Which disease is caused by members of the genus Brucella in humans?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is primarily known as which type of pathogen?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is primarily known as which type of pathogen?
What is tularemia, and what primarily causes it?
What is tularemia, and what primarily causes it?
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What characteristic is true for Bacteroides?
What characteristic is true for Bacteroides?
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What is the most clinically significant species of the genus Yersinia?
What is the most clinically significant species of the genus Yersinia?
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What disease is primarily caused by Yersinia pestis?
What disease is primarily caused by Yersinia pestis?
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Which organism is known for causing acute gastritis and ulcers?
Which organism is known for causing acute gastritis and ulcers?
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What common infection is H.influenzae primarily known for causing in infants?
What common infection is H.influenzae primarily known for causing in infants?
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Which of the following species is associated with whooping cough?
Which of the following species is associated with whooping cough?
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What type of plague presents with more severe symptoms during epidemics?
What type of plague presents with more severe symptoms during epidemics?
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What is a common symptom associated with cholera?
What is a common symptom associated with cholera?
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What is the mechanism of motility for Helicobacter species?
What is the mechanism of motility for Helicobacter species?
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Which organism is primarily associated with infections outside the gastrointestinal tract?
Which organism is primarily associated with infections outside the gastrointestinal tract?
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Which of the following has the capability to cause both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases?
Which of the following has the capability to cause both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases?
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What is the significance of fimbriae in Escherichia coli?
What is the significance of fimbriae in Escherichia coli?
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Which of the following is a pathogenic species of the genus Neisseria?
Which of the following is a pathogenic species of the genus Neisseria?
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Which group of organisms are known to be important nosocomial pathogens?
Which group of organisms are known to be important nosocomial pathogens?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Which of the following statements is true regarding Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
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Which of these genera mainly causes diseases in the gastrointestinal tract?
Which of these genera mainly causes diseases in the gastrointestinal tract?
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What characteristic do all the organisms in the gastrointestinal Gram-negative rods group share?
What characteristic do all the organisms in the gastrointestinal Gram-negative rods group share?
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Which one of these organisms is included in the category of gram-negative rods?
Which one of these organisms is included in the category of gram-negative rods?
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Which of the following is NOT a pathogen mentioned in the document?
Which of the following is NOT a pathogen mentioned in the document?
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Neisseria species are primarily classified as which type of bacteria?
Neisseria species are primarily classified as which type of bacteria?
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Fecal contamination is frequently important in the transmission of which type of microorganisms?
Fecal contamination is frequently important in the transmission of which type of microorganisms?
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What is a common clinical observation associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
What is a common clinical observation associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
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Which species is frequently confused with Neisseria gonorrhoeae under the microscope?
Which species is frequently confused with Neisseria gonorrhoeae under the microscope?
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Which of the following infections does Neisseria meningitidis commonly cause?
Which of the following infections does Neisseria meningitidis commonly cause?
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What is the most important virulence factor of N.meningitidis?
What is the most important virulence factor of N.meningitidis?
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Which of the following vaccines is a conjugate meningococcal vaccine approved for use in adolescents and adults?
Which of the following vaccines is a conjugate meningococcal vaccine approved for use in adolescents and adults?
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What are common symptoms that develop in individuals with meningococcal infections?
What are common symptoms that develop in individuals with meningococcal infections?
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How quickly can meningococcal septicemia develop in a previously healthy individual?
How quickly can meningococcal septicemia develop in a previously healthy individual?
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What is the initial site of colonization for N.meningitidis?
What is the initial site of colonization for N.meningitidis?
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Which serogroups are included in the MCV4 vaccine?
Which serogroups are included in the MCV4 vaccine?
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What can happen within several hours of showing initial meningitis symptoms?
What can happen within several hours of showing initial meningitis symptoms?
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What commonly accompanies joint symptoms in meningococcal infections?
What commonly accompanies joint symptoms in meningococcal infections?
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What type of E.coli is primarily associated with traveler's diarrhea?
What type of E.coli is primarily associated with traveler's diarrhea?
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Which strain of E.coli is most commonly associated with severe symptoms, such as hemorrhagic colitis?
Which strain of E.coli is most commonly associated with severe symptoms, such as hemorrhagic colitis?
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What is the primary transmission route for intestinal diseases caused by E.coli?
What is the primary transmission route for intestinal diseases caused by E.coli?
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Which type of E.coli is particularly dangerous due to its potential to cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Which type of E.coli is particularly dangerous due to its potential to cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
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What differentiates enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) from enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) E.coli?
What differentiates enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) from enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) E.coli?
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In what situation does E.coli become pathogenic in the case of extraintestinal disease?
In what situation does E.coli become pathogenic in the case of extraintestinal disease?
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Which group is at a higher risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by E.coli?
Which group is at a higher risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by E.coli?
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What type of E.coli is recognized for causing persistent diarrhea in young children?
What type of E.coli is recognized for causing persistent diarrhea in young children?
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Study Notes
Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Gram-negative bacteria are a large group of bacteria characterized by their cell wall structure, which distinguishes them from gram-positive bacteria.
Cocci
-
Neisseria:
- Diplococci (occur in pairs)
- Gram-negative
- Aerobic
- Pathogenic, causing gonorrhea and meningitis.
- Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease.
- Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain.
Bacilli
-
Straight bacilli:
- Enteric bacteria (e.g., Legionella, Yersinia, Francisella, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter)
- Some cause intestinal and extraintestinal diseases
- Enteric bacteria (e.g., Legionella, Yersinia, Francisella, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter)
-
Curved bacilli:
-
Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Vibrio
- Campylobacter species cause enteritis and sometimes bacteremia.
- Helicobacter species cause gastritis and peptic ulcers; are linked to stomach cancer.
- Vibrio species cause cholera, characterized by profuse watery diarrhea.
-
Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Vibrio
Other Gram-Negative Bacteria
-
Moraxella:
- Nonmotile, gram-negative coccobacilli, usually in pairs
- Cause infections that include respiratory system, middle ear, eye, CNS, and joints.
-
Acinetobacter:
- Nonmotile, gram-negative coccobacilli
- Important nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pathogens.
-
Escherichia coli (E. coli):
- Part of the normal microbiota of the colon in humans and other animals
- Can be pathogenic in both the intestinal tract and extra-intestinal sites
-
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC):
- A common cause of traveler's diarrhea
- Transmitted through food, water, and person-to-person contact
-
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC):
- A significant cause of diarrhea in infants, especially in areas with poor sanitation
-
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC):
- Produces Shiga-like toxin (verotoxin)
- Causes hemorrhagic colitis with potential for hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
-
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC):
- Causes a dysentery-like syndrome with bloody stools
-
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC):
- Causes traveler's diarrhea and persistent diarrhea in young children
-
Urinary tract infections (UTIs):
- A frequent cause of E. coli infections.
-
Other Gram-negative Rods:
- Salmonella (gastroenteritis, typhoid fever): food poisoning. -Common cause of food poisoning
- Shigella (bacillary dysentery): acute gastroenteritis -A common cause of bloody diarrhea -Yersinia (yersiniosis, plague): different diseases in humans; plague can be fatal -Can lead to the potentially fatal plague
- Legionella (Legionnaire's disease, Pontiac fever): respiratory infections; often transmitted from water sources
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Description
Explore the diverse world of gram-negative bacteria, including their unique cell wall structure and classification. This quiz covers important genera such as Neisseria and various bacilli, focusing on their pathogenic roles and associated diseases. Test your knowledge about these significant microorganisms!
