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Questions and Answers
What is the most common symptom of gonococcal infection in males?
What is the most common symptom of gonococcal infection in males?
- Greenish-yellow cervical discharge
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Painful urination without discharge
- Yellow, purulent urethral discharge (correct)
What complication can result from untreated gonococcal salpingitis in women?
What complication can result from untreated gonococcal salpingitis in women?
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Cervical cancer
- Tubal scarring and infertility (correct)
- Ovarian cysts
What antibiotic is commonly used to treat ophthalmia neonatorum?
What antibiotic is commonly used to treat ophthalmia neonatorum?
- Erythromycin (correct)
- Amoxicillin
- Penicillin
- Tetracycline
What is the typical consequence of untreated acute conjunctivitis in newborns caused by gonococcus?
What is the typical consequence of untreated acute conjunctivitis in newborns caused by gonococcus?
Which of the following populations is most at risk for meningococcal meningitis outbreaks?
Which of the following populations is most at risk for meningococcal meningitis outbreaks?
What is a serious consequence of meningococcal infection aside from meningitis?
What is a serious consequence of meningococcal infection aside from meningitis?
Which symptom is most commonly associated with gonococcal infection in females?
Which symptom is most commonly associated with gonococcal infection in females?
What environmental factor increases the risk of meningococcal outbreaks?
What environmental factor increases the risk of meningococcal outbreaks?
Which genus is associated with nonmotile coccobacilli and is significant in hospital-acquired infections?
Which genus is associated with nonmotile coccobacilli and is significant in hospital-acquired infections?
Which of the following genera primarily causes gastrointestinal diseases?
Which of the following genera primarily causes gastrointestinal diseases?
What type of bacteria are found in the gastrointestinal tract and can grow well in the presence of oxygen?
What type of bacteria are found in the gastrointestinal tract and can grow well in the presence of oxygen?
Which organism is best known for its fimbriae or pili that aid in adherence to host mucosal surfaces?
Which organism is best known for its fimbriae or pili that aid in adherence to host mucosal surfaces?
What is a common transmission method for organisms that cause gastrointestinal diseases?
What is a common transmission method for organisms that cause gastrointestinal diseases?
Which of the following statements correctly applies to Escherichia coli?
Which of the following statements correctly applies to Escherichia coli?
What is the primary virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis?
What is the primary virulence factor of Neisseria meningitidis?
Which of the following genera contains organisms that are primarily extraintestinal pathogens?
Which of the following genera contains organisms that are primarily extraintestinal pathogens?
Which component is commonly found in enteric gram-negative rods and is related to endotoxin?
Which component is commonly found in enteric gram-negative rods and is related to endotoxin?
Which age group is particularly affected by acute fulminating meningococcal septicemia?
Which age group is particularly affected by acute fulminating meningococcal septicemia?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with meningococcal meningitis?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with meningococcal meningitis?
What type of vaccine is MCV4?
What type of vaccine is MCV4?
Where does N. meningitidis initially colonize in the human body?
Where does N. meningitidis initially colonize in the human body?
What is the most common causative agent of meningitis among healthy young individuals?
What is the most common causative agent of meningitis among healthy young individuals?
Which of the following vaccines protects against serogroup B meningococcal bacteria?
Which of the following vaccines protects against serogroup B meningococcal bacteria?
What is the typical progression of symptoms in meningococcal infections?
What is the typical progression of symptoms in meningococcal infections?
What is the primary route of transmission for intestinal diseases caused by E.coli?
What is the primary route of transmission for intestinal diseases caused by E.coli?
Which type of E.coli is most commonly associated with traveler's diarrhea?
Which type of E.coli is most commonly associated with traveler's diarrhea?
Which E.coli serotype is commonly known for producing verotoxin?
Which E.coli serotype is commonly known for producing verotoxin?
What condition can occur due to the infection of enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)?
What condition can occur due to the infection of enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)?
Which type of E.coli is significant for causing diarrhea in infants in poor sanitation areas?
Which type of E.coli is significant for causing diarrhea in infants in poor sanitation areas?
What is the most common extraintestinal infection caused by E.coli?
What is the most common extraintestinal infection caused by E.coli?
Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) is associated with which of the following symptoms?
Enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) is associated with which of the following symptoms?
The strain O104:H4 of E.coli is particularly dangerous for which reason?
The strain O104:H4 of E.coli is particularly dangerous for which reason?
What is a common symptom of Salmonella infection?
What is a common symptom of Salmonella infection?
Which serotype primarily causes enteric (typhoid) fever?
Which serotype primarily causes enteric (typhoid) fever?
What is a characteristic clinical feature of shigellosis?
What is a characteristic clinical feature of shigellosis?
Which statement about Campylobacter is true?
Which statement about Campylobacter is true?
What is the mortality rate associated with enteric (typhoid) fever?
What is the mortality rate associated with enteric (typhoid) fever?
Which pathogen is responsible for causing shigellosis?
Which pathogen is responsible for causing shigellosis?
What type of infection is predominantly associated with E. coli in neonates?
What type of infection is predominantly associated with E. coli in neonates?
What is the shape of Vibrio bacteria?
What is the shape of Vibrio bacteria?
What is the primary cause of death in untreated cholera?
What is the primary cause of death in untreated cholera?
Which species of Yersinia is known as the etiologic agent of bubonic plague?
Which species of Yersinia is known as the etiologic agent of bubonic plague?
What type of disease does Yersinia pestis primarily cause?
What type of disease does Yersinia pestis primarily cause?
What characteristic motility do Helicobacter species display?
What characteristic motility do Helicobacter species display?
What condition is primarily caused by Haemophilus influenzae?
What condition is primarily caused by Haemophilus influenzae?
What has significantly reduced infections caused by H.influenzae type b?
What has significantly reduced infections caused by H.influenzae type b?
What is the common presentation of plague in its most frequent form?
What is the common presentation of plague in its most frequent form?
What is the primary clinical significance of Bordetella species?
What is the primary clinical significance of Bordetella species?
Flashcards
Gonococcal Genitourinary Infections (Males)
Gonococcal Genitourinary Infections (Males)
Males experience acute, easily diagnosed infections with yellow, purulent urethral discharge and painful urination.
Gonococcal Genitourinary Infections (Females)
Gonococcal Genitourinary Infections (Females)
Females are infected in the endocervix, spreading to the urethra and vagina, often with a greenish-yellow cervical discharge and possible intermenstrual bleeding.
Gonococcal Complications (Females)
Gonococcal Complications (Females)
Can lead to salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, fibrosis, and potentially infertility due to scarring of fallopian tubes.
Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Ophthalmia Neonatorum
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Ophthalmia Neonatorum Treatment
Ophthalmia Neonatorum Treatment
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Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis Meningitis
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Neisseria meningitidis Fulminant Meningococcemia
Neisseria meningitidis Fulminant Meningococcemia
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Meningitis Outbreaks
Meningitis Outbreaks
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Neonatal Meningitis
Neonatal Meningitis
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Nosocomial Infections
Nosocomial Infections
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Salmonella Infection
Salmonella Infection
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Typhoidal Salmonella
Typhoidal Salmonella
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Campylobacter Infection
Campylobacter Infection
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Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
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Vibrio
Vibrio
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Shiga Toxin
Shiga Toxin
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Meningococcemia
Meningococcemia
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Meningococcal Meningitis
Meningococcal Meningitis
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Meningococcal Septicemia
Meningococcal Septicemia
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Meningococcal Polysaccharide Capsule
Meningococcal Polysaccharide Capsule
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Meningococcal Vaccines
Meningococcal Vaccines
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Nasopharynx Colonization
Nasopharynx Colonization
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Virulence Factor
Virulence Factor
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Antiphagocytic
Antiphagocytic
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Moraxella and Infections
Moraxella and Infections
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Acinetobacter and Nosocomial Infections
Acinetobacter and Nosocomial Infections
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Gram-negative Rods in GI Tract
Gram-negative Rods in GI Tract
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Enteric Gram-Negative Rods
Enteric Gram-Negative Rods
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Escherichia (E. coli)
Escherichia (E. coli)
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Opportunistic Pathogen
Opportunistic Pathogen
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Salmonella and Shigella
Salmonella and Shigella
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Fecal Contamination
Fecal Contamination
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ETEC
ETEC
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EPEC
EPEC
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EHEC
EHEC
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E. coli Strain O157:H7
E. coli Strain O157:H7
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E. coli Strain O104:H4
E. coli Strain O104:H4
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EIEC
EIEC
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EAEC
EAEC
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E. coli and UTIs
E. coli and UTIs
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What is the most common presentation of plague?
What is the most common presentation of plague?
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What type of bacteria is Helicobacter?
What type of bacteria is Helicobacter?
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H. influenzae
H. influenzae
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What is a distinctive symptom of Bordetella pertussis infection?
What is a distinctive symptom of Bordetella pertussis infection?
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What is the clinical significance of cholera?
What is the clinical significance of cholera?
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What is the most clinically important member of the Yersinia genus?
What is the most clinically important member of the Yersinia genus?
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What family is the Yersinia genus part of?
What family is the Yersinia genus part of?
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What are the medically important Yersinia species?
What are the medically important Yersinia species?
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Study Notes
Gram Negative Bacteria
- Gram-negative bacteria are a large group of bacteria with distinct characteristics, including their reaction to Gram staining.
- Gram-negative Cocci: Neisseria are non-motile, gram-negative coccobacilli in pairs, responsible for gonorrhea and meningitis.
- Gram-negative bacilli: Include various types such as enteric bacteria, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Vibrio, and more. These exhibit diverse characteristics from straight to curved shape, aerobic to anaerobic behavior, and varied locations within the body.
- Different types of bacteria may impact different areas such as Gastrointestinal tract, Respiratory tract, Genitourinary tract and more.
Overview
- The organisms in the presentation are commonly found in humans or other animals, living in the gastrointestinal tract, often thriving in the presence of oxygen.
- Many contain lipopolysaccharide, a contributing factor to their impact as pathogens.
- They typically constitute a small portion of the whole gastrointestinal tract microbiota, usually gram positive, rather than gram negative.
- Many of the gram-negative types discussed are significant sources for infectious diseases that can affect various parts of the human body such as intestinal, respiratory, urinary tract and more.
Specific Species
- Neisseria: Gram-negative cocci; responsible for gonorrhea and meningitis.
- Haemophilus: Respiratory organisms associated with meningitis.
- Bordetella: Respiratory pathogens responsible for whooping cough.
- Legionella: Respiratory infections, primary intracellular parasites.
- Pseudomonas: Can cause numerous infections, often opportunistic and hospital-acquired.
- Brucella: Primarily pathogens for animals, but can be transmitted to humans, causing brucellosis; mostly transmitted through consumption of unpasteurized milk or contact with animals.
- Francisella: Primarily a pathogen of animals, causing tularemia, a zoonotic disease.
- Yersinia Pestis: Causes bubonic plague, a severe, life-threatening disease.
- Campylobacter: Often linked to gastrointestinal infections like enteritis.
- Shigella: Causes shigellosis (bacillary dysentery).
- Vibrio: Responsible for cholera, a severe diarrheal disease.
- Escherichia coli: Can cause various intestinal infections including, diarrhea, urinary infections and more.
Clinical Significance & Treatment
- Many of the discussed gram-negative species can cause infections that vary in their severity, symptoms, locations impacted and treatment.
- Appropriate antibiotics are imperative for treatment.
- Various methods of testing and identification are available to determine the particular causative species in a patient.
- Understanding transmission routes is key for infection control.
Vaccines
- Conjugate meningococcal vaccine (MCV4) is used in adolescents and adults.
- Various vaccines offer protection against related diseases.
Additional Notes
- Understanding the different classifications of gram-negative bacteria (cocci, bacilli) and their specific characteristics is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.
- Gram staining is a critical diagnostic tool.
- Understanding routes of transmission for each bacterial species is essential for infection control efforts.
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Description
Explore the characteristics and classifications of gram-negative bacteria in this quiz. Learn about various types such as Neisseria and their impact on different body systems. Understand their unique structures and roles in human health and disease.
