Gram-Negative Cocci and Neisseria Pathogens

<p>1 to 10 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meningitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meningococcemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through airborne droplets released by coughing or sneezing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are oxidase positive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are typically Gram-positive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can grow anaerobically in the presence of alternative electron acceptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on their sugar fermentation patterns using CTA medium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pili help the bacteria adhere to surfaces and form biofilms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prefer a neutral pH environment for optimal growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule presence is completely independent of the diplococcal morphology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prefer a high carbon dioxide concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloramphenicol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A, C, Y, and W-135 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military recruits, asplenic patients, and young adults aged 16 to 23 years old (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Azithromycin is used as an alternative to ciprofloxacin if there is resistance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quadrivalent vaccines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure they are immune if exposed to the bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the use of sex pili (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigenic variation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By facilitating adherence to phagocytic and epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective against inflammatory response and complement killing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compete for iron with the host (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meningitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleavage of IgA at mucosal surfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The upper respiratory tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of bacteria that colonize the nasopharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military recruits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortness of breath (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Being a smoker (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to septicemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact with infectious bodily fluids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocervix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>91% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asymptomatic carriers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower abdominal pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asymptomatic carriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 or 3 dose series (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical/vaginal discharge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A genus of Gram-negative cocci known for causing infections.

A genus of Gram-negative cocci associated with respiratory infections.

Bacteria that are spherical and do not retain the crystal violet stain used in Gram staining.

Organisms that produce the enzyme catalase, breaking down hydrogen peroxide.

Bacteria that can produce cytochrome c oxidase, indicating aerobic metabolism.

Organisms that thrive in the presence of carbon dioxide.

Hair-like structures on bacterial surfaces that aid in adhesion and colonization.

Different virulent colony types of Neisseria based on their pili presence.

Military recruits, college students, smokers, and those exposed to smoke are at higher risk.

Key symptoms include frontal headache, stiff neck, confusion, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes fever.

A severe bloodstream infection that can follow meningitis.

Meningococcus disease is uncommon in developed nations but poses risks to certain groups.

Concurrent upper respiratory viral infections can escalate the risk of meningitis.

An organism that requires specific nutrients for growth.

A sudden outbreak of meningitis, often affecting specific populations.

A serious bloodstream infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.

Groups more likely to suffer from invasive Neisseria meningitidis diseases.

Individuals who have had their spleen removed, making them vulnerable.

Genetic conditions affecting the immune system's ability to fight infections.

Time from exposure to onset of symptoms, with meningitis ranging from 1-10 days.

Environments where many people live closely together, facilitating disease spread.

Penicillin is used for confirmed meningitis cases.

Used for treating meningococcemia in penicillin-allergic patients.

Recommended for asplenic patients with meningococcemia.

Preventive antibiotic treatment using rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or sulfonamide.

Vaccines available for subtypes A, C, Y, and W-135.

Two vaccines approved for targeting serogroup B of N. meningitidis.

Vaccinations are advised for military recruits and certain young adults.

Vaccination is essential for those close to infected individuals.

Characteristics that enhance the ability of a pathogen to cause disease.

A protective layer that prevents phagocytosis by immune cells.

The process where immune cells engulf and digest pathogens.

Moist tissues lining various body openings, providing a barrier against pathogens.

A bacterium that can cause meningitis, usually found in humans.

A bacterium that always causes disease when present, known for gonorrhea.

The ability of pathogens to change their surface proteins to evade immune detection.

Proteins on the surface of bacteria that aid in immune evasion and adherence.

Hair-like structures used for transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells.

An enzyme produced by some bacteria that cleaves IgA antibodies, allowing evasion of immune response.

Bacteria that normally live in a host without causing disease.

The process of spreading a disease from one host to another.

Harm caused to body tissues by pathogens during an infection.

The competition between bacteria and the host for iron, which is essential for growth.

Strains of Neisseria meningitidis responsible for meningitis outbreaks.

A sequence of doses given for vaccination or treatment.

Asymptomatic carriers who spread the infection without symptoms.

Most commonly occurs through sexual contact.

The endocervix is the most common site of gonorrhea infection in women.

Include cervical/vaginal discharge, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain.

Fluid that can indicate a sexually transmitted infection in women.

Painful urination often associated with infections.