Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the following class types with their corresponding attendance rules:
Match the following class types with their corresponding attendance rules:
Online Class = Camera must be ON Onsite Class = Students must wear school uniform
At which stage of psychosocial development do individuals primarily work on developing self-confidence in their abilities?
At which stage of psychosocial development do individuals primarily work on developing self-confidence in their abilities?
According to Erikson, the main conflict during infancy is Autonomy vs. shame/doubt.
According to Erikson, the main conflict during infancy is Autonomy vs. shame/doubt.
False
What virtue is associated with the stage of adolescence in Erikson's theory?
What virtue is associated with the stage of adolescence in Erikson's theory?
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During early adulthood, the basic conflict is ____ vs. isolation.
During early adulthood, the basic conflict is ____ vs. isolation.
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What is the primary focus of the 'good boy/girl' level of conformity?
What is the primary focus of the 'good boy/girl' level of conformity?
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Match the stage of development with its corresponding virtue:
Match the stage of development with its corresponding virtue:
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Ericson proposed that the virtue gained in the stage of middle age is Care.
Ericson proposed that the virtue gained in the stage of middle age is Care.
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What is the basic conflict encountered during early childhood according to Erikson's theory?
What is the basic conflict encountered during early childhood according to Erikson's theory?
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Which of the following is NOT considered an Adverse Childhood Experience?
Which of the following is NOT considered an Adverse Childhood Experience?
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The sensorimotor stage of cognitive development lasts from ages 0 to 2 years.
The sensorimotor stage of cognitive development lasts from ages 0 to 2 years.
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What cognitive ability allows a child in the preoperational stage to understand that altering an object's appearance does not change its quantity?
What cognitive ability allows a child in the preoperational stage to understand that altering an object's appearance does not change its quantity?
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During the __________ stage, children exhibit intuitive thinking and magical thinking.
During the __________ stage, children exhibit intuitive thinking and magical thinking.
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Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions:
Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions:
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What cognitive development task is characterized by practical intelligence and object permanence?
What cognitive development task is characterized by practical intelligence and object permanence?
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Children in the formal operational stage are unable to think in abstract terms.
Children in the formal operational stage are unable to think in abstract terms.
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What is the term for the ability to recognize that one can retrace their steps in thought processes?
What is the term for the ability to recognize that one can retrace their steps in thought processes?
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What is the age range for the Anal Stage in Freud's Psychosexual Theory?
What is the age range for the Anal Stage in Freud's Psychosexual Theory?
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Erik Erikson's theory consists of eight developmental stages that last throughout a person's life.
Erik Erikson's theory consists of eight developmental stages that last throughout a person's life.
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Name one criticism of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory.
Name one criticism of Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory.
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According to Freud, the ______________ stage occurs from birth to 1 year.
According to Freud, the ______________ stage occurs from birth to 1 year.
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Match the following Psychosexual Development stages with their corresponding age ranges:
Match the following Psychosexual Development stages with their corresponding age ranges:
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What is the main consequence of inconsistent care during infancy?
What is the main consequence of inconsistent care during infancy?
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Toddlers feel autonomous when they are encouraged to practice independence.
Toddlers feel autonomous when they are encouraged to practice independence.
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What feeling might preschoolers experience if their initiative in activities is punished?
What feeling might preschoolers experience if their initiative in activities is punished?
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The failure to receive praise for efforts in school can lead to feelings of __________.
The failure to receive praise for efforts in school can lead to feelings of __________.
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In adolescence, what is the term for the confusion about one's identity?
In adolescence, what is the term for the confusion about one's identity?
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Match the developmental stages with their associated feelings:
Match the developmental stages with their associated feelings:
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Freud's theory of personality development is based on the observation of physical growth.
Freud's theory of personality development is based on the observation of physical growth.
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What does Freud's psychosexual theory suggest about child development?
What does Freud's psychosexual theory suggest about child development?
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Study Notes
Nursing Care of a Family with a Newborn (RLE)
- Students will learn about nursing care for families with newborns.
- This will be done through Role-Learning Experience (RLE).
Principles of Growth and Development
- Understanding principles of growth and development are crucial for nursing care.
Nursing Care of a Family with an Infant
- Students will learn about nursing care for families with infants.
Nursing Care of a Family with a Toddler
- Students will learn about nursing care for families with toddlers.
Nursing Care of a Family with a Preschool Child
- Students will learn about nursing care for families with preschool children.
Nursing Care of a Family with a School-aged Child
- Students will learn about nursing care for families with school-aged children.
Nursing Care of a Family with an Adolescent
- Students will learn about nursing care for families with adolescents.
Child Health Assessment (RLE)
- Students will learn about child health assessment through Role-Learning Experience (RLE).
Major Exam (Midterm or Final)
- Major exams contribute 30% of the final grade.
- There will be two major exams, a midterm and a final.
Quizzes
- Quizzes also contribute 30% of the final grade.
Class Participation
- Class participation contributes 10% of the final grade.
Class Activity
- Class activities contribute 20% of the final grade.
Attendance
- Attendance contributes 10% of the final grade.
Maternal Nursing
- Maternal nursing is a major component of the course, contributing 50% of the final grade.
Pediatrics Nursing
- Pediatrics nursing is a major component of the course, contributing 50% of the final grade.
Online Class
- Students must be present at the start of class.
- Latecomers will receive demerit points.
- Absentees will receive demerit points.
- Students must turn on their cameras.
- Class participation is graded.
- School uniforms are not required.
Onsite Class
- Students must be present when the instructor arrives.
- Latecomers are considered late and will receive a demerit.
- Students must wear their complete school uniform.
- Class participation is graded.
- Students must bathe, brush their teeth, and comb their hair.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
- ACEs can negatively impact growth and development.
- Examples include maltreatment, neglect, and household changes.
Developmental Task
- Describes the skills or growth responsibilities that arise at certain points in a person's life.
- Completing a developmental task provides a foundation for future tasks.
Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development
-
Sensorimotor Stage
- Age: 0 to 2 years old.
- Characterized by practical intelligence and development of object permanence.
- Infants begin to recognize their parents at around 4 months old.
- Separation anxiety occurs between 8 to 12 months old.
-
Preoperational Stage
- Age: 2 to 7 years old.
- Children use trial and error to discover new object characteristics.
- Intuitive thinking develops in preschool children.
- Preschoolers focus on a single characteristic of an object at a time.
- Concept of Conservation: Children can't discern truth when physical properties change.
- Concept of Reversibility: Children lack the ability to retrace steps .
-
Concrete Operational Stage
- Age: 7 to 11 years old
- Children develop practical problem-solving skills.
- They begin to understand cause-and-effect relationships.
- Children demonstrate reasoning skills.
- They can understand why a plastic toy is easily broken.
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Formal Operational Stage
- Age: 12 years to up
- Children develop abstract thinking skills.
- They can think of what "could be".
- They develop scientific reasoning skills.
Preoperational Stage
- Role Fantasy: Strong influence on how preschoolers think; children imagine how things could happen.
- Assimilation: Children process information by fitting it into existing ideas; "magical thinking" arises.
- Accommodation: Children modify their ideas to fit reality.
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
-
Level/Stage I: Obedience/Punishment
- Age Range: Infancy.
- Children fail to distinguish between right and wrong and avoid punishment.
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Level/Stage I: Self-Interest
- Age Range: Pre-school
- Children prioritize rewards over punishment for their actions.
- They strive for the greatest benefit for themselves.
-
Level/Stage II: Conformity and Interpersonal Accord
- Age Range: School-age
- The "good boy/girl" level.
- Children try to gain approval and maintain friendly relationships.
-
Level/Stage II: Authority and Social Order
- Age Range: School-age
- Children focus on following fixed rules.
- They believe that morality is about maintaining social order.
- They understand interpersonal relationships and the wider society.
-
Level/Stage III: Social Contract
- Age Range: Teens
- Morality is based on mutual benefit and reciprocity.
- Right and legal do not always align.
- Children see the purpose of rules as improving life for everyone.
-
Level/Stage III: Universal Principles
- Age Range: Adulthood
- Morality is based on principles that transcend mutual benefit.
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
- Erik Erikson was trained in psychoanalytic theory, but he developed his own theory of psychosocial development.
- Erikson emphasizes the role of culture and society in shaping personality.
- He believes that a person's social self is more important than instinctual drives in determining behavior.
- Erikson offers a more optimistic view of human development.
- He identifies eight developmental stages across the lifespan.
- Each stage presents a conflict between two forces.
- Successfully resolving a conflict or completing a developmental task leads to transition into the next stage.
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages
-
Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust
- Basic Conflict: Trust vs. Mistrust
- Virtue: Hope
- Description: Infant learns to trust that basic needs will be met.
-
Early Childhood: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
- Basic Conflict: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
- Virtue: Will
- Description: Child learns independence in many tasks.
-
Play Age: Initiative vs Guilt
- Basic Conflict: Initiative vs. Guilt
- Virtue: Purpose
- Description: Child takes initiative in activities, but may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries are crossed.
-
School Age: Industry vs. Inferiority
- Basic Conflict: Industry vs. Inferiority
- Virtue: Competence.
- Description: Child gains confidence in abilities when competent, or feels inferior when incompetent.
-
Adolescence: Identity vs. Confusion
- Basic Conflict: Identity vs. Confusion
- Virtue: Fidelity
- Description: Child experiments and develops their identity and role.
-
Early Adulthood: Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Basic Conflict: Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Virtue: Love
- Description: Adult establishes intimacy and relationships with others.
-
Middle Age: Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Basic Conflict: Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Virtue: Care
- Description: Adult contributes to society and family.
-
Old Age Onward: Integrity vs. Despair
- Basic Conflict: Integrity vs. Despair
- Virtue: Wisdom
- Description: Elderly person assesses and understands their life and contributions.
Trust vs. Mistrust (Infant)
- Trust: Infant learns that parents will meet their needs and address their distress.
- Mistrust: Infant develops fear and suspicion toward people and the world if care is inconsistent, inadequate, or rejecting.
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (Toddler)
- Autonomy: Toddlers learn to govern themselves and gain independence.
- Shame/Doubt: Toddlers feel shame or doubt if they are not allowed to practice autonomy.
Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschooler)
- Initiative: Preschool children learn to initiate activities, try new things, and develop creativity.
- Guilt: Preschool children feel guilt if they’re told their activities are bad, their questions are annoying, or their play is silly.
- Preschoolers may lack problem-solving skills due to a lack of initiative and wait for guidance from others.
Industry vs. Inferiority (School-aged)
- Industry: School-aged children learn how to do things well and gain confidence.
- Inferiority: School-aged children develop feelings of inferiority if caregivers don’t appreciate their efforts or are always busy.
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescent)
- Identity: Adolescents integrate their past experiences and develop a strong sense of self.
- Role Confusion: Adolescents are left unsure of who they are or who they want to be.
- Adolescents may explore and express their identity in various ways.
Intimacy vs. Isolation (Late Adolescence)
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Intimacy: Late adolescents develop the ability to form healthy relationships in preparation for future relationships.
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Isolation: Late adolescents develop feelings of isolation if they are rejected or hurt when offering love or trying to create relationships, which could be due to a lack of trust and autonomy.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
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Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis.
-
He provided the first theory of personality development, based on his observations of adults with mental disturbances.
-
He believed that adult behavior is driven by instinctual drives primarily centered on sexual desire (libido).
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
- Freud described child development as a series of psychosexual stages.
- Each stage involves a focus on specific body parts for sexual gratification.
Psychosexual Stages of Development
-
Oral Stage
- Age: Birth to 1 year
-
Anal Stage
- Age: 1 year to 3 years
-
Phallic Stage
- Age: 3 years to 6 years
-
Latent Stage
- Age: 6 Years to Puberty
-
Genital Stage
- Age: Puberty to Adulthood
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory - Criticisms
- Freud's theory is criticized for relying solely on his observations of patients in his practice and focusing primarily on mental illness rather than wellness. This limits the theory's applicability as a health promotion tool.
- Freud's theory is also criticized for being gender biased.
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