Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for using anonymous grading in this class?
What is the primary reason for using anonymous grading in this class?
- To enhance communication with students
- To speed up the grading process
- To reduce grading bias (correct)
- To increase student engagement
Which of the following developmental periods involves the most dramatic changes in a child's abilities?
Which of the following developmental periods involves the most dramatic changes in a child's abilities?
- Adolescence
- Middle Childhood
- Infancy and Toddlerhood (correct)
- Early Childhood
What is the primary characteristic of the formal operational stage of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget?
What is the primary characteristic of the formal operational stage of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget?
- Concrete thinking focused on tangible objects
- Hypothetical thinking and considering multiple solutions (correct)
- Rigid thinking with no consideration of alternative viewpoints
- Intuitive thinking based on emotions
How much sleep do adolescents ideally need each night?
How much sleep do adolescents ideally need each night?
In which research method do participants get observed while their behavior or characteristics are recorded?
In which research method do participants get observed while their behavior or characteristics are recorded?
What is the last day to submit late work for this class?
What is the last day to submit late work for this class?
Which factor is NOT part of adolescent egocentrism according to David Elkind?
Which factor is NOT part of adolescent egocentrism according to David Elkind?
Which of the following describes the impact of puberty on development?
Which of the following describes the impact of puberty on development?
Which principle of development focuses on self-perception and emotion?
Which principle of development focuses on self-perception and emotion?
What is one aspect of culturally relevant pedagogy proposed by Ladson-Billings?
What is one aspect of culturally relevant pedagogy proposed by Ladson-Billings?
Which type of research design involves measuring the same group of individuals over a period of time?
Which type of research design involves measuring the same group of individuals over a period of time?
What is a primary characteristic of adolescence in human development?
What is a primary characteristic of adolescence in human development?
Which of the following best describes Imposter Syndrome?
Which of the following best describes Imposter Syndrome?
What does the superego primarily represent in Freud's Psychosexual theory?
What does the superego primarily represent in Freud's Psychosexual theory?
Which of the following stages in Erikson's Psychosocial theory involves the challenge of developing independence?
Which of the following stages in Erikson's Psychosocial theory involves the challenge of developing independence?
What psychological concept does the term 'psychological moratorium' relate to in Erikson's theory?
What psychological concept does the term 'psychological moratorium' relate to in Erikson's theory?
In which Freud's stage does a child primarily experience mouth stimulation?
In which Freud's stage does a child primarily experience mouth stimulation?
Which developmental stage in Erikson's theory focuses on the challenge of making long-term relationships?
Which developmental stage in Erikson's theory focuses on the challenge of making long-term relationships?
At what stage of Freud's Psychosexual theory does the development of the superego occur?
At what stage of Freud's Psychosexual theory does the development of the superego occur?
What is a potential negative effect of praising intelligence in children, according to growth mindset theory?
What is a potential negative effect of praising intelligence in children, according to growth mindset theory?
What is the primary focus during the Industry vs. Inferiority stage of Erikson's theory?
What is the primary focus during the Industry vs. Inferiority stage of Erikson's theory?
What aspect of cognitive empathy develops during adolescence?
What aspect of cognitive empathy develops during adolescence?
What is a significant cognitive change that occurs in adolescents as their pre-frontal cortex develops?
What is a significant cognitive change that occurs in adolescents as their pre-frontal cortex develops?
How does Baumrind's authoritative parenting style typically affect adolescents?
How does Baumrind's authoritative parenting style typically affect adolescents?
Which stage involves preschoolers initiating activities and expressing independence according to Erikson?
Which stage involves preschoolers initiating activities and expressing independence according to Erikson?
Which type of influence peaks during mid-adolescence and can affect style and taste?
Which type of influence peaks during mid-adolescence and can affect style and taste?
Which stage of Phinney’s Three Stages of Ethnic Identity involves an active exploration of one’s cultural heritage?
Which stage of Phinney’s Three Stages of Ethnic Identity involves an active exploration of one’s cultural heritage?
Which statement characterizes Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development during adolescence?
Which statement characterizes Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development during adolescence?
What does 'synaptic pruning' refer to during adolescent brain development?
What does 'synaptic pruning' refer to during adolescent brain development?
What is a key aspect of despair in late adulthood?
What is a key aspect of despair in late adulthood?
What does Ivan Pavlov's work primarily demonstrate?
What does Ivan Pavlov's work primarily demonstrate?
Which phenomenon did John B. Watson explore through his experiments?
Which phenomenon did John B. Watson explore through his experiments?
What does B.F. Skinner emphasize in his theory of operant conditioning?
What does B.F. Skinner emphasize in his theory of operant conditioning?
In which stage of cognitive development do children begin to think logically about the physical world?
In which stage of cognitive development do children begin to think logically about the physical world?
According to Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, what is essential for cognitive skill development?
According to Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, what is essential for cognitive skill development?
What does Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Model illustrate?
What does Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Model illustrate?
Which statement best describes Bandura's Social Learning Theory?
Which statement best describes Bandura's Social Learning Theory?
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Study Notes
Major Assignments
- Media analysis project, observation paper, and final exam are key assignments in the course.
- Support options for challenging material include reaching out to the professor and utilizing campus resources.
Grading and Policies
- Anonymous grading is implemented to eliminate bias, with student identities hidden during grading and revealed post-grade release.
- Last submission for late work is due by December 8th; no late submissions accepted for exams or community contributions.
Periods of Development
- Prenatal Development: From conception to pregnancy.
- Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-2 years): Significant changes occur; infants have excellent hearing but poor vision, and toddlers begin walking.
- Early Childhood (3-5 years): Language development, increased independence, and fear of disapproval are key characteristics.
- Middle Childhood (6-11 years): Focus shifts to academic accomplishments and refinement of motor skills alongside developing social relationships.
- Adolescence (12 years and older): Marked by puberty, cognitive changes, and exploration of love, fear, and a sense of invincibility.
Principles of Development
- Cognitive Development includes perception, intelligence, memory, problem-solving, language, and wisdom.
- Physical Development encompasses fine motor skills, sensory development, nervous system maturation, height, and weight changes.
- Social-emotional Development addresses self-perception, relationships, and emotional regulation.
Research Methods
- Observational Studies: Participants are watched and recorded devoid of interference.
- Experiments: Verify hypotheses in a controlled setting, involving independent and dependent variables, samples, experimental, and control groups.
- Case Studies: Detailed analysis of a specific instance or event.
- Surveys: Use questionnaires and Likert scales for data collection.
- Longitudinal Research: Measures the same individuals across different times.
- Cross-sectional Research: Surveys various groups at one point in time.
- Sequential Research: Combines longitudinal and cross-sectional methods with different groups starting at the same age.
Imposter Syndrome
- Characterized by feelings of being a fraud, where individuals believe they do not deserve accomplishments and may avoid risks due to perfectionism or comparison to others.
Developmental Theories
- Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual theory divided into stages emphasizing id, ego, and superego development.
- Erik Erikson: Psychosocial theory highlighting the importance of social relationships and identity formation through eight stages, from trust vs. mistrust to integrity vs. despair.
- Ivan Pavlov: Introduced classical conditioning; observed conditioned responses (salivating dogs).
- John B. Watson: Established classical conditioning’s role in emotional responses (Little Albert experiment).
- B.F. Skinner: Promoted operant conditioning; emphasized reinforcement over punishment.
- Albert Bandura: Proposed social learning theory, highlighting imitation over conditioning.
- Jean Piaget: Cognitive development theory proposing four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
- Lev Vygotsky: Sociocultural theory emphasizing guided participation and the zone of proximal development.
- Urie Bronfenbrenner: Introduced the ecological systems model, detailing various influencing environments in child development.
Identity and Self Concept
- Marcia's Theory of Identity Development: Discusses identity statuses.
- Phinney’s Ethnic Identity Stages: Unexamined identity, ethnic identity search, and achieved ethnic identity.
- Socialization Agents:
- Baumrind’s Parenting Styles: Authoritative parenting leads to better outcomes in children's competency and mental health.
- Peer influence peaks in mid-adolescence, affecting style and taste positively or negatively.
- Parental influence shapes moral principles and future goals.
Cognitive and Emotional Changes
- Adolescents experience mood swings; their prefrontal cortex develops gradually, affecting thinking and emotional regulation.
- Cognitive empathy improves in adolescence, allowing better perspective-taking and concern for others.
Adolescent Health
- Adolescents require about 9.5 hours of sleep but typically only get 7.5 hours; their circadian clocks can cause shifts in sleep patterns.
Cognitive Development
- Hypothetical Thinking: Expands in adolescent stage due to Piaget's formal operational stage, enabling consideration of multiple solutions.
- David Elkind's Concepts:
- Adolescent Egocentrism: Teen focus on self.
- Imaginary Audience: Belief that others are as concerned about them as they are.
- Personal Fable: View of oneself as unique.
- Invincibility Fable: Feeling of immunity to harm.
Puberty Impact on Development
- Involves a sequence regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads, resulting in primary (reproductive organs) and secondary (physical changes) sex characteristics.
- Girls typically undergo growth spurts earlier than boys.
Growth Mindset
- Emphasizes the value of effort over rigid outcomes; praise should encourage growth to avoid limiting risk-taking behavior due to fear of not meeting expectations.
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