COPY: Grade 9 Geography Final Exam Review

Saskatchewan is a province in Canada, located in the central part of the country.

Northwest Territories is one of Canada's three territories, located in the north.

The St. Lawrence River is a major waterway in Canada, flowing through Ontario and Quebec.

Ottawa is the capital of Canada, located in Ontario.

A map title tells you the subject of the map.

A map legend explains the symbols and colors used on the map.

Topography describes the shape and features of the land surface, including mountains, valleys, and rivers.

Latitude is the angular distance north or south of the Equator.

Latitude is listed first when finding a location on a map.

There are 24 time zones in the world, each based on a 15-degree difference in longitude.

The compass degree for North is 0 or 360 degrees.

Pangea was a supercontinent that existed around 300 million years ago before all the continents split apart.

Weather refers to short-term changes in the atmosphere, climate describes long-term patterns, and temperature measures hot or cold.

The two main types of climate regions are continental and maritime.

Continental climates have greater temperature ranges, hot summers, and cold winters.

Maritime climates have milder temperatures and higher precipitation.

LOWERN stands for Latitude, Ocean, Winds, Elevation, Relief, Near water.

Temperature range is calculated by subtracting the lowest temperature from the highest temperature.

Average temperature is calculated by adding up all the temperatures and dividing by the number of observations.

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished over time, such as solar energy and wind power.

Alberta in Canada and Texas in the U.S. are examples of oil-rich provinces.

Raw materials are natural resources used to make products, such as timber and iron ore.

Natural resource industries have both positive and negative impacts. Positive impacts include economic growth and job creation, while negative impacts include greenhouse gas emissions and habitat loss.

Access to resources, clean water, food, job opportunities, schools, and hospitals are important factors that make a place a good place to live.

The three R's stand for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.

Clear cutting, selective logging, and shelterwood logging are three main logging techniques.

Population distribution refers to the pattern of where people live in a specific area.

Population density is the number of people per unit area.

A refugee is a person who has been forced to leave their home country due to persecution or conflict.

An immigrant is a person who chooses to move to a different country to live.

A citizen is a person who is a member of a particular country and has the rights and responsibilities associated with that membership.

Reserves are areas of land set aside for Indigenous communities.

A developed country has high standards of living, advanced infrastructure, and a strong economy.

A newly industrialized country is a country that has recently transitioned from a developing economy to a more developed economy.

Literacy rate is the percentage of people in a country who can read and write.

A tariff is a tax on imported or exported goods.

A baby boom is a significant increase in birth rates, often following a major event.

Population pyramids show the age and gender structure of a population.

Population dependency load is the percentage of people who are too young or too old to work and are dependent on the working-age population.

Gender ratio is the number of males compared to the number of females in a population.

Life expectancies are the average number of years a person is expected to live based on current conditions.

Natural increase rate is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate.

Net migration rate is calculated by subtracting the emigration rate from the immigration rate.

Population growth rate is calculated by adding natural increase rate to net migration rate, then dividing the sum by 10.

Birth rate is calculated by dividing the total number of births by the total population, then multiplying by 1000.

Access to resources, climate and environment, and job opportunities can influence population distribution.

Primary economic activity involves extracting raw materials from the earth, such as farming, fishing, and mining.

Secondary economic activity involves manufacturing and processing raw materials into finished goods.

Push factors are negative aspects or conditions that force people to leave a particular place.