Grade 11 Biology: Diversity & Cell Biology

The highest taxonomic rank in the classification system, grouping life into three main categories: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

A two-part Latin name used to identify a species, consisting of the genus and species names. For example, Homo sapiens for humans and Canis lupus for gray wolves.

Branching diagrams used to illustrate evolutionary relationships between organisms. They are based on genetic and morphological data, revealing shared ancestry and evolutionary history.

A type of diagram that focuses on shared derived traits to group organisms together. It highlights evolutionary relationships based on specific characteristics that evolved in a lineage.

A key concept stating that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells. It underlines the fundamental building blocks of life.

A process where cells divide into two identical daughter cells. It involves distinct phases like prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Each phase involves specific activities like chromosome condensation, alignment, separation, and nuclear envelope reformation.

A membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells, it's responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration. Think of it as the powerhouse of the cell.

The control center of the cell that houses the genetic material (DNA). It regulates cell activities.

A network of interconnected membranes within eukaryotic cells. There are two types: Rough ER with ribosomes for protein synthesis and Smooth ER that synthesizes lipids and detoxifies.

A system of flattened sacs (cisternae) involved in processing and packaging proteins and lipids. It receives proteins from the ER, modifies them, packages them, and then distributes them to other parts of the cell.