Grade 11 Agriculture: Crop Production Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is agriculture?

The deliberate cultivation of crops and rearing of animals for food production and survival of societies.

Who are hunter-gatherers?

Pre-agricultural societies that relied on hunting animals and gathering plants for food.

What is domestication of animals?

The early practice of taming and breeding animals primarily for food production.

What is shifting cultivation?

<p>A farming method involving clearing land, cultivating it for a few years, and then abandoning it for a new area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is settled agriculture?

<p>The practice of continuously using the same plot of land for crop cultivation and livestock rearing over an extended period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is subsistence farming?

<p>Farming aimed at producing crops and livestock solely for the household's own consumption without any surplus for trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When were the origins of agriculture?

<p>The exact time and place of the beginning of agriculture are unknown, but it developed over a long period of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are factors influencing plant selection?

<p>Features such as ease of harvest, wide availability, ease of transport, predictability, seasonal distribution, climatic tolerance, flavor, and grain size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were significant food sources for hunter-gatherers?

<p>Wild onions, sweet potatoes, hunted animals, and plant species such as coconut, oil palm, and olive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were oil sources for hunter-gatherers?

<p>Certain plant species like coconut, oil palm, and olive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of agriculture?

<p>Agriculture provides food and other goods for society, including crop plants for human consumption and livestock feed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are factors influencing crop production?

<p>The type of crop and the environmental conditions in which it is grown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps in the agricultural process?

<p>Selecting crop species, specific crop types, land preparation before planting, timely planting, crop protection, and productivity-enhancing techniques.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are current technological advancements in agriculture?

<p>Technological progress in agriculture has led to improved seeds, production practices, harvesting and storage facilities, and the use of machinery, agrochemicals, irrigation, biotechnology, and genetic improvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the eras of agriculture in industrialized regions?

<p>Mechanical Era, Chemical Era, and Biotechnology/Information Technology Era.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Characterize the Mechanical Era of agriculture.

<p>The era characterized by the introduction and adoption of machinery, such as tractors, for land preparation, planting, and other farming activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Characterize the Chemical Era of agriculture.

<p>The era marked by the widespread use of agricultural chemicals, including pesticides and fertilizers, to control crop diseases, weeds, and pests, leading to increased productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Characterize the Biotechnology/Information Technology Era.

<p>The current era characterized by the application of biotechnology and information technology, including genetic improvement of plants, precision farming techniques, and advanced data analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major crops in Ethiopia?

<p>Teff, wheat, maize, sorghum, and barley.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are factors influencing soil degradation?

<p>Traditional farming systems with limited technology usage and other environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Agriculture

  • Agriculture is the intentional cultivation of crops and livestock for food production and societal sustenance.
  • Hunter-gatherers refer to pre-agricultural populations that depended on hunting animals and foraging plants for nourishment.

Key Agricultural Concepts

  • Domestication: Involves taming and breeding animals primarily for food purposes.
  • Shifting Cultivation: A method where land is cleared, cultivated for a few years, then abandoned for new land.
  • Settled Agriculture: Continual cultivation of the same land over an extended duration for crops and livestock.
  • Subsistence Farming: Produces food strictly for household consumption, with no surplus for trade.

History of Agriculture

  • The origins of agriculture are ambiguous, evolving gradually over a long timeframe without a specific origin date or location.

Plant Selection Factors

  • Key features impacting plant selection include harvest ease, availability, transport facilities, predictability, seasonal distribution, climatic adaptability, flavor, and grain size.

Hunter-Gatherer Food Sources

  • Significant food sources included wild onions, sweet potatoes, and certain plants like coconut, oil palm, and olive.

Role of Agriculture

  • Agriculture serves society by providing food, livestock feed, and raw materials for various goods.

Influences on Crop Production

  • Crop production is affected by the crop type and the environmental conditions under which it is cultivated.

Steps in Agricultural Process

  • Essential steps include selecting crop species, preparing land, timely planting, crop protection, and employing productivity-enhancing techniques.

Technological Advancements in Agriculture

  • Innovations in agriculture have improved seed quality, farming practices, storage, and harvesting through machinery, agrochemicals, irrigation, biotechnology, and genetic enhancements.

Eras of Agriculture in Industrialized Regions

  • Agricultural development is categorized into three distinct eras:
    • Mechanical Era: Marked by the adoption of machinery (e.g., tractors) for various farming operations.
    • Chemical Era: Characterized by widespread agricultural chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) to enhance crop productivity.
    • Biotechnology/Information Technology Era: Focuses on genetic plant improvement, precision farming, and sophisticated data analysis for productivity and sustainability.

Major Crops in Ethiopia

  • Key crops in Ethiopia include Teff, wheat, maize, sorghum, and barley, which collectively account for about 75% of agricultural land use.

Factors Influencing Soil Degradation

  • Traditional agricultural practices with limited technological advancements often contribute to soil degradation and reduced productivity.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of crop production as introduced in Unit One for Grade 11 Agriculture. It includes key information about agriculture, its definition, and the transition from hunter-gatherer societies. Reviewing the associated lectures is recommended for a better understanding.

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