Questions and Answers
What is the process of loosening and turning the soil called?
Tilling or ploughing
Which of the following are activities in crop production and management? (Select all that apply)
In crop production, the process of turning and loosening soil is not important.
False
The substances added to the soil in the form of nutrients for healthy plant growth are called __________ and fertilisers.
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What are undesirable plants that grow naturally along with crops called?
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What is the process of removing weeds called?
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Weeds can affect the growth of crop plants by competing for resources.
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The manual removal of weeds includes physical removal of weeds by uprooting or cutting them close to the ________.
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Which tool is used to uproot weeds and is also referred to as a seed drill?
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What is the process of separating grain from the chaff called?
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What does sowing seeds using a seed drill help with?
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What are some examples of fertilizers mentioned in the text?
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Fertilizers are richer in nutrients compared to manure. (True/False)
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What process is used to replenish the soil with nutrients through the decomposition of plant or animal waste?
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Match the following irrigation sources with their descriptions:
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For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and _____________ and _____________ from the soil are essential.
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Match the following items related to crops:
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Provide two examples of Kharif crops.
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Provide two examples of Rabi crops.
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How are fertilisers different from manure?
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Define irrigation and describe two methods that conserve water.
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What would happen if wheat is sown in the kharif season?
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How does continuous plantation of crops affect the soil?
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What are weeds and how can they be controlled?
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Arrange the following activities in the correct order to create a flow chart of sugarcane crop production:
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Complete the word puzzle using the clues: Providing water to the crops.
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Complete the word puzzle using the clues: Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
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Complete the word puzzle using the clues: Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
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Complete the word puzzle using the clues: A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
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Complete the word puzzle using the clues: A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
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Complete the word puzzle using the clues: A process of separating the grain from chaff.
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Study Notes
Crop Production and Management
- Food has to be produced on a large scale to provide for a large population, and regular production, proper management, and distribution are necessary.
- Agriculture was born around 10,000 B.C.E. when people started cultivating land and producing rice, wheat, and other food crops.
Types of Crops
- Crops can be classified as kharif crops (sown in the rainy season) and rabi crops (grown in the winter season).
- Examples of kharif crops include paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, and cotton.
- Examples of rabi crops include wheat, gram, pea, mustard, and linseed.
Basic Practices of Crop Production
- Preparation of soil is the first step in crop production.
- Soil needs to be tilled or ploughed to loosen it and allow roots to breathe easily.
- The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing.
- Ploughs are made of wood or iron and are used to break soil clumps and add fertilizers to the soil.
Agricultural Implements
- The main tools used for crop production are the plough, hoe, and cultivator.
- A hoe is a simple tool used for removing weeds and loosening the soil.
- A cultivator is a tractor-driven tool used for ploughing the soil.
- Traditional tools used for sowing seeds include a funnel-shaped tool and a seed drill.
Sowing
- Sowing is an important part of crop production.
- Good quality, healthy seeds of a good variety are selected for sowing.
- Seeds are sown at a uniform distance and depth to promote healthy growth.
Adding Manure and Fertilisers
- Substances added to the soil to promote healthy growth of plants are called manure and fertilizers.
- Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal waste.
- Fertilizers are chemicals rich in a particular nutrient, produced in factories.
- Examples of fertilizers include urea, ammonium sulphate, super phosphate, potash, and NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium).
- Excessive use of fertilizers can lead to soil pollution and water pollution.
Advantages of Manure
- Manure enhances the water-holding capacity of the soil.
- Manure makes the soil porous, allowing for easy exchange of gases.
- Manure increases the number of friendly microbes in the soil.
- Manure improves the texture of the soil.
Irrigation
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Irrigation is the supply of water to crops at regular intervals.
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The time and frequency of irrigation vary depending on the crop, soil, and season.
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In summer, the frequency of watering is higher due to increased evaporation of water from the soil and leaves.### Importance of Water
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Water is essential for proper growth and development of plants.
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Plant roots absorb water along with minerals and fertilizers.
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Water helps in germination of seeds and transports nutrients to different parts of the plant.
Sources of Irrigation
- Wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, and canals are sources of water for irrigation.
- Traditional methods of irrigation include moat (pulley system), chain pump, dhekli, and rahat (lever system).
Modern Methods of Irrigation
- Modern methods of irrigation help to use water economically.
- Sprinkler system is useful for uneven land and saves water.
- Drip system is best for watering fruit plants, gardens, and trees, and is a boon in regions with poor water availability.
Crop Protection from Weeds
- Weeds are undesirable plants that grow naturally with crops and compete for water, nutrients, space, and light.
- Weeds can interfere with harvesting and can be poisonous to animals and humans.
- Farmers adopt various methods to remove weeds, including tilling, physical removal, and using weedicides.
Harvesting and Storage
- Harvesting is an important task that involves cutting mature crops.
- Weeds are removed, and grains are separated from chaff through threshing.
- Grains are stored in jute bags or metallic bins to protect them from pests and microorganisms.
- Large-scale storage is done in silos and granaries.
Food from Animals
- Animals provide various kinds of food, such as milk, fish, and cod liver oil.
- Animal husbandry involves providing proper food, shelter, and care to animals.
Agricultural Practices
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Agricultural practices include preparation of soil, sowing seeds, irrigation, weeding, harvesting, and storage.
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These practices help to provide food to the growing population.### Farm Visit
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Himanshu, Mohan, David, and Sabiha visited Shri Jiwan Patel's farmhouse to collect seeds and learn about crops.
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Shri Patel's grandfather started farming about 75 years ago, and they mainly grow wheat, gram, soyabean, and moong.
Traditional vs Modern Agriculture
- Traditional methods used tools like sickle, bullock plough, trowel, and relied on rainwater for irrigation.
- Modern methods use tractors, cultivators, seed drills, and harvesters, with good quality seeds, soil testing, manure, and fertilizers.
- Modern technology provides better crop yields, with 9-11 quintals of gram and 20-25 quintals of wheat per acre.
Importance of Earthworms
- Earthworms help farmers by turning and loosening soil for proper aeration.
Seeds and Fertilizers
- The students collected seeds, fertilizers, and soil samples from Shri Patel's farm.
Key Takeaways
- Awareness of new technology is important for better crop yields.
- Shri Patel provided useful information and made the visit pleasant for the students.
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Description
This quiz is about the importance of crop production and management on a large scale to provide food for a growing population. It covers the tools and techniques used in farming.
