Crop Production and Management Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of food for living organisms?

  • To adapt to environment
  • To reproduce
  • To carry out various body functions (correct)
  • To grow and develop

    • What is a crop?

  • Plants of the same kind cultivated at one place (correct)
  • Plants with similar characteristics
  • Plants cultivated in a small area
  • Plants grown in a garden

    • How do green plants synthesize their food?

  • By consuming other plants
  • By using oxygen and water
  • By absorbing nutrients from the soil
  • By using sunlight and chlorophyll (correct)

    • Why is regular production, proper management, and distribution of food necessary?

    <p>To provide food for a large population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about nomadic tribes in relation to food sourcing?

    <p>They wandered in search of food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On what basis can crops be classified?

    <p>Season of growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the sowing stage in plant cultivation?

    <p>To plant seeds for crop production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which farming equipment is used to till the soil in the traditional illustration?

    <p>A wooden plow with oxen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do farmers prefer to use seeds that produce high yield?

    <p>Because they provide better crop production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is important for good crop yield during sowing?

    <p>Choosing clean and healthy seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depicted in the diagram labeled 'Cultivator'?

    <p>A tractor with a cultivator attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which traditional tool is funnel-shaped with sharp ends for piercing into the soil?

    <p>Traditional tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of sowing seeds at a uniform depth and distance using a seed drill?

    <p>Provides plants with sufficient nutrients and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about manure?

    <p>Composed of decomposed plant or animal waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to maintain appropriate distance between plants?

    <p>To prevent overcrowding and ensure each plant gets sufficient resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form are some crops like paddy first grown before being transplanted to the field?

    <p>As seedlings in a nursery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of loosening and turning the soil called?

    <p>Tilling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is commonly drawn by animals for turning the soil?

    <p>Plough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be needed if the soil is very dry before ploughing?

    <p>Watering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main part of the plough called?

    <p>Ploughshaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of a hoe?

    <p>Sowing seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is increasingly being used to make ploughs instead of wood?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strong triangular iron part of the plough called?

    <p>Ploughshare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary step before sowing seeds?

    <p>Breaking soil clumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Kharif crop?

    <p>Groundnut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are Rabi crops usually grown?

    <p>October to March</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is loosening the soil important in crop production?

    <p>It allows roots to penetrate deeply and breathe better.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice involves removing weeds to prevent competition with crops?

    <p>Protecting from weeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT an agricultural practice in crop production?

    <p>Building irrigation canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which season are pulses and vegetables commonly grown in many places?

    <p>Summer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do earthworms and microbes play in soil?

    <p>They decompose organic matter, adding humus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of irrigation in agricultural practices?

    <p>To provide water when the soil is dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these methods uses cattle or human labor?

    <p>Moat pulley system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource is NOT mentioned as being used to run pumps?

    <p>Wind energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method allows water to flow through a main pipeline at regular intervals?

    <p>Sprinkler system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which traditional irrigation method is NOT listed?

    <p>Bamboo drip irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source is mentioned as being suitable when sufficient water is not available?

    <p>Sprinkler system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between fertilisers and manure?

    <p>Fertilisers are man-made and inorganic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to diesel, biogas, and electricity, which other energy source is used to run pumps?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glass showed the fastest plant growth in Activity 1.2?

    <p>Glass B with soil and urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fertilisers contribute to water pollution?

    <p>By running off into water bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practice helps in replenishing soil nutrients by alternating crops?

    <p>Crop rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are natural Rhizobium bacteria primarily responsible for?

    <p>Fixing atmospheric nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a negative effect of excessive use of fertilisers?

    <p>Reduction in soil fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advantage of manure helps in improving the soil's gas exchange?

    <p>Making the soil porous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of water do plants approximately contain?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in preparation between fertilisers and manure?

    <p>Fertilisers are man-made, while manure is natural.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of using manure over fertilizers?

    <p>Improving the soil texture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of irrigation?

    <p>Mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water essential for seed germination?

    <p>Seeds cannot germinate under dry conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is NOT commonly found in high amounts in man-made fertilisers?

    <p>Humus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does manure have on soil's water holding capacity?

    <p>Enhances it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is true for fertilisers but not for manure?

    <p>High nutrient content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is irrigation?

    <p>The process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which traditional method of irrigation involves the use of a pulley system?

    <p>moat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of the drip irrigation system?

    <p>Water falls drop by drop directly to the roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of irrigation is particularly useful for lawns and coffee plantations?

    <p>sprinkler system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy sources are commonly used for running pumps in traditional irrigation methods?

    <p>Diesel, biogas, electricity, and solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sprinkler system distribute water?

    <p>Using rotating nozzles connected to perpendicular pipes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which traditional irrigation method uses a lever system?

    <p>rahat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of weeding?

    <p>To remove plants that compete with crops for resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method used for weeding?

    <p>Harvesting with a combine harvester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from removing weeds, what is another reason farmers use weedicides carefully?

    <p>To prevent damage to crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the separation of grain from chaff?

    <p>Threshing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT mentioned as a means to protect crops from pests?

    <p>Planting with higher seed density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What recommendation is given to farmers when spraying weedicides?

    <p>To cover their nose and mouth with a cloth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crop Production and Management

    Plants and Animals

    • Plants can make their own food through photosynthesis
    • Animals, including humans, cannot make their own food and rely on plants and other animals for survival

    Agricultural Practices

    • Agricultural practices include preparing soil, adding manure and fertilizers, protecting from weeds, irrigating, and harvesting
    • These practices are essential for providing food for a large population

    Types of Crops

    • Kharif crops are grown in the rainy season (June to September) and include paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, and cotton
    • Rabi crops are grown in the winter season (October to March) and include wheat, gram, pea, mustard, and linseed
    • Some crops, like pulses and vegetables, are grown during the summer season

    Preparation of Soil

    • Soil preparation is essential for agriculture
    • Soil needs to be turned and loosened to allow roots to penetrate deep into the soil and for better aeration
    • Soil organisms, like earthworms and microbes, help to decompose dead plants and animals into nutrients

    Agricultural Implements

    • Plough is a traditional tool used for tilling the land
    • Hoe is a simple tool used for removing weeds and loosening the soil
    • Cultivator is a machine used for preparing soil for sowing

    Sowing Seeds

    • Seeds are sown into the soil using different tools and techniques
    • Traditional tools for sowing seeds include seed drill and traditional tool
    • Some crops, like paddy, are grown as seedlings in a nursery before being transplanted to the field

    Manure and Fertilizers

    • Manure and fertilizer are substances added to the soil to provide nutrients
    • Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal waste
    • Fertilizers are chemicals produced in factories and are rich in plant nutrients
    • Excessive use of fertilizers can make the soil less fertile and lead to water pollution

    Irrigation

    • Water is essential for proper growth and development of plants
    • Irrigation is the supply of water to crops at regular intervals
    • Sources of water for irrigation include tubewells, ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and canals
    • Traditional methods of irrigation include moat pulley system, chain pump, dehkli, and rahat lever system
    • Modern methods of irrigation include sprinkler system and drip system

    Protection from Weeds

    • Weeds are undesirable plants that grow in the field along with crops
    • Weeding is the removal of unwanted plants
    • Weeds compete with crops for water, nutrients, space, and light
    • Farmers use various methods to remove weeds, including tilling, manual removal, and using weedicides

    Harvesting

    • Harvesting is the cutting of crops after they are mature
    • Harvesting usually takes 3-4 months for a cereal crop to mature
    • Harvesting can be done manually or by using a machine called a harvester
    • Seeds need to be separated from the harvested crop through a process called threshing

    Protection from Pests

    • Pests are organisms that harm crops
    • Pests include insects, birds, rodents, weeds, and some pathogens
    • Methods to protect crops from pests include using pesticides, using resistant varieties of crops, practicing crop rotation, and keeping the farm clean and pest-free
    • Farmers should use pesticides carefully and follow instructions on the packaging

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    Learn about plant and animal food production, from photosynthesis to food sources, with a sneak peek into farming practices.

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