66 Questions
What is the primary purpose of food for living organisms?
To carry out various body functions
What is a crop?
Plants of the same kind cultivated at one place
How do green plants synthesize their food?
By using sunlight and chlorophyll
Why is regular production, proper management, and distribution of food necessary?
To provide food for a large population
What can be inferred about nomadic tribes in relation to food sourcing?
They wandered in search of food
On what basis can crops be classified?
Season of growth
What is the main purpose of the sowing stage in plant cultivation?
To plant seeds for crop production
Which farming equipment is used to till the soil in the traditional illustration?
A wooden plow with oxen
Why do farmers prefer to use seeds that produce high yield?
Because they provide better crop production
According to the content, what is important for good crop yield during sowing?
Choosing clean and healthy seeds
What is depicted in the diagram labeled 'Cultivator'?
A tractor with a cultivator attachment
Which traditional tool is funnel-shaped with sharp ends for piercing into the soil?
Traditional tool
What is the main benefit of sowing seeds at a uniform depth and distance using a seed drill?
Provides plants with sufficient nutrients and water
Which of the following statements is true about manure?
Composed of decomposed plant or animal waste
Why is it necessary to maintain appropriate distance between plants?
To prevent overcrowding and ensure each plant gets sufficient resources
In what form are some crops like paddy first grown before being transplanted to the field?
As seedlings in a nursery
What is the process of loosening and turning the soil called?
Tilling
Which tool is commonly drawn by animals for turning the soil?
Plough
What might be needed if the soil is very dry before ploughing?
Watering
What is the main part of the plough called?
Ploughshaft
Which of the following is NOT a function of a hoe?
Sowing seeds
What material is increasingly being used to make ploughs instead of wood?
Iron
What is the strong triangular iron part of the plough called?
Ploughshare
What is a necessary step before sowing seeds?
Breaking soil clumps
Which of the following is a Kharif crop?
Groundnut
When are Rabi crops usually grown?
October to March
Why is loosening the soil important in crop production?
It allows roots to penetrate deeply and breathe better.
Which practice involves removing weeds to prevent competition with crops?
Protecting from weeds
Which activity is NOT an agricultural practice in crop production?
Building irrigation canals
During which season are pulses and vegetables commonly grown in many places?
Summer
What role do earthworms and microbes play in soil?
They decompose organic matter, adding humus.
What is the primary purpose of irrigation in agricultural practices?
To provide water when the soil is dry
Which of these methods uses cattle or human labor?
Moat pulley system
Which resource is NOT mentioned as being used to run pumps?
Wind energy
Which method allows water to flow through a main pipeline at regular intervals?
Sprinkler system
Which traditional irrigation method is NOT listed?
Bamboo drip irrigation
Which source is mentioned as being suitable when sufficient water is not available?
Sprinkler system
What is the primary difference between fertilisers and manure?
Fertilisers are man-made and inorganic
In addition to diesel, biogas, and electricity, which other energy source is used to run pumps?
Solar energy
Which glass showed the fastest plant growth in Activity 1.2?
Glass B with soil and urea
How do fertilisers contribute to water pollution?
By running off into water bodies
What practice helps in replenishing soil nutrients by alternating crops?
Crop rotation
What are natural Rhizobium bacteria primarily responsible for?
Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
What can be a negative effect of excessive use of fertilisers?
Reduction in soil fertility
Which advantage of manure helps in improving the soil's gas exchange?
Making the soil porous
What percentage of water do plants approximately contain?
90%
What is the main difference in preparation between fertilisers and manure?
Fertilisers are man-made, while manure is natural.
Which of the following is a benefit of using manure over fertilizers?
Improving the soil texture.
Which of the following is NOT a source of irrigation?
Mountains
Why is water essential for seed germination?
Seeds cannot germinate under dry conditions.
Which nutrient is NOT commonly found in high amounts in man-made fertilisers?
Humus
What effect does manure have on soil's water holding capacity?
Enhances it
Which feature is true for fertilisers but not for manure?
High nutrient content
What is irrigation?
The process of supplying water to crops at regular intervals.
Which traditional method of irrigation involves the use of a pulley system?
moat
What is a significant benefit of the drip irrigation system?
Water falls drop by drop directly to the roots
Which method of irrigation is particularly useful for lawns and coffee plantations?
sprinkler system
Which energy sources are commonly used for running pumps in traditional irrigation methods?
Diesel, biogas, electricity, and solar energy
How does the sprinkler system distribute water?
Using rotating nozzles connected to perpendicular pipes
Which traditional irrigation method uses a lever system?
rahat
What is the primary purpose of weeding?
To remove plants that compete with crops for resources
Which of the following is NOT a method used for weeding?
Harvesting with a combine harvester
Apart from removing weeds, what is another reason farmers use weedicides carefully?
To prevent damage to crops
What is the term for the separation of grain from chaff?
Threshing
Which method is NOT mentioned as a means to protect crops from pests?
Planting with higher seed density
What recommendation is given to farmers when spraying weedicides?
To cover their nose and mouth with a cloth
Study Notes
Crop Production and Management
Plants and Animals
- Plants can make their own food through photosynthesis
- Animals, including humans, cannot make their own food and rely on plants and other animals for survival
Agricultural Practices
- Agricultural practices include preparing soil, adding manure and fertilizers, protecting from weeds, irrigating, and harvesting
- These practices are essential for providing food for a large population
Types of Crops
- Kharif crops are grown in the rainy season (June to September) and include paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut, and cotton
- Rabi crops are grown in the winter season (October to March) and include wheat, gram, pea, mustard, and linseed
- Some crops, like pulses and vegetables, are grown during the summer season
Preparation of Soil
- Soil preparation is essential for agriculture
- Soil needs to be turned and loosened to allow roots to penetrate deep into the soil and for better aeration
- Soil organisms, like earthworms and microbes, help to decompose dead plants and animals into nutrients
Agricultural Implements
- Plough is a traditional tool used for tilling the land
- Hoe is a simple tool used for removing weeds and loosening the soil
- Cultivator is a machine used for preparing soil for sowing
Sowing Seeds
- Seeds are sown into the soil using different tools and techniques
- Traditional tools for sowing seeds include seed drill and traditional tool
- Some crops, like paddy, are grown as seedlings in a nursery before being transplanted to the field
Manure and Fertilizers
- Manure and fertilizer are substances added to the soil to provide nutrients
- Manure is an organic substance obtained from the decomposition of plant or animal waste
- Fertilizers are chemicals produced in factories and are rich in plant nutrients
- Excessive use of fertilizers can make the soil less fertile and lead to water pollution
Irrigation
- Water is essential for proper growth and development of plants
- Irrigation is the supply of water to crops at regular intervals
- Sources of water for irrigation include tubewells, ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and canals
- Traditional methods of irrigation include moat pulley system, chain pump, dehkli, and rahat lever system
- Modern methods of irrigation include sprinkler system and drip system
Protection from Weeds
- Weeds are undesirable plants that grow in the field along with crops
- Weeding is the removal of unwanted plants
- Weeds compete with crops for water, nutrients, space, and light
- Farmers use various methods to remove weeds, including tilling, manual removal, and using weedicides
Harvesting
- Harvesting is the cutting of crops after they are mature
- Harvesting usually takes 3-4 months for a cereal crop to mature
- Harvesting can be done manually or by using a machine called a harvester
- Seeds need to be separated from the harvested crop through a process called threshing
Protection from Pests
- Pests are organisms that harm crops
- Pests include insects, birds, rodents, weeds, and some pathogens
- Methods to protect crops from pests include using pesticides, using resistant varieties of crops, practicing crop rotation, and keeping the farm clean and pest-free
- Farmers should use pesticides carefully and follow instructions on the packaging
Learn about plant and animal food production, from photosynthesis to food sources, with a sneak peek into farming practices.
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