Grade 10 Science: Gas Laws, Systems, Biomolecules

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a gas law?

  • Ideal Gas Law
  • Charles's Law
  • Kinetic Molecular Theory (correct)
  • Boyle's Law

The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

True (A)

What is the molecular formula of the Ideal Gas Law?

PV=nRT

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body is known as ________.

<p>homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biomolecule with its primary function:

<p>Carbohydrates = Primary source of energy Lipids = Energy storage, insulation Proteins = Enzymes, structural components Nucleic Acids = Genetic information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for the transmission of signals throughout the body?

<p>Nervous System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The endocrine system uses electrical signals for communication.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the two main divisions of the nervous system.

<p>central and peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glands are part of the ________ system and secrete ________.

<p>endocrine, hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the gas law with its correct relationship assuming that the number of moles (n) and ideal gas constant (R) are constant:

<p>Boyle's Law = Pressure and volume are inversely proportional Charles's Law = Volume and temperature are directly proportional Gay-Lussac's Law = Pressure and temperature are directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

Carbohydrates are primarily broken down into what simple sugar for energy?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lipids are soluble in water.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins?

<p>amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

DNA and RNA belong to the class of biomolecules known as ________.

<p>nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts with their description:

<p>Central Nervous System = Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System = Nerves throughout the body Endocrine System = Glands that produce hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the reproductive system?

<p>To enable reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feedback mechanisms always work to amplify the original signal.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three types of lipids.

<p>fats, oils, waxes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are biological ________ that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

<p>catalysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biomolecule to its monomer:

<p>Carbohydrates = Monosaccharides Proteins = Amino Acids Nucleic Acids = Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to kinetic molecular theory, what is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of gas molecules?

<p>Temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ideal gas law is accurate for all gases under all conditions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback mechanism helps regulate blood sugar levels?

<p>negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peripheral nervous system is divided into the ________ and ________ nervous systems.

<p>somatic, autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the hormone with its primary function:

<p>Insulin = Lowers blood glucose levels Glucagon = Raises blood glucose levels Adrenaline = Increases heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

<p>Storing genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Saturated fats are generally considered healthier than unsaturated fats.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

<p>sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls many other endocrine glands.

<p>pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the gas law with its mathematical expression:

<p>Boyle's Law = $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$ Charles's Law = $V_1/T_1 = V_2/T_2$ Gay-Lussac's Law = $P_1/T_1 = P_2/T_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biomolecule serves as the primary source of readily available energy for living organisms?

<p>Carbohydrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Control of body processes through the nervous system is generally slower than control through the endocrine system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The feedback mechanism that amplifies a change, leading to an even greater response, is known as ________ feedback.

<p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following biomolecules with their function:

<p>Carbohydrate = Source of energy Protein = Cell structure and Enzymes Lipid = Energy storage and insulation Nucleic Acid = Genetic Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

<p>Sympathetic nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Volume and pressure are directly proportional to each other assuming that the number of moles (n) and temperature (T) are constant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the 4 categories of biomolecules.

<p>carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

The molecules are in constant motion according to ________.

<p>kinetic molecular theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following:

<p>Kinetic Molecular Theory = Theory explaining the behavior of gases Ideal Gas Law = PV = nRT Homeostasis = Maintaining a stable internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Describes the behavior of gases at a molecular level, relating to their motion and energy.

Gas relationships: Volume, pressure, temperature

Gases are affected by volume, pressure and temperature.

Ideal Gas Law

An equation that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of an ideal gas.

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord.

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Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

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Nervous System's Body Control

Uses electrical and chemical signals.

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Endocrine System

Uses hormones produced by glands to regulate body functions.

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Reproductive System

Organs for procreation.

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Homeostasis

Keeps a stable internal environment.

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Carbohydrates

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, providing energy.

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Lipids

Fats, oils, and waxes that store energy.

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Proteins

Amino acid chains with diverse functions.

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Nucleic Acids

DNA and RNA carry genetic information.

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Control of Body Processes

Controls bodily functions via electrical and chemical signals.

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The Endocrine System

The system involved in secreting hormones.

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Study Notes

  • Study notes for Grade 10 Science, Junior High School, S.Y. 2024-2025, 3rd Trimester.

Unit 2: Gas Laws

  • Focus on Kinetic Molecular Theory.
  • Study the relationship between volume, pressure, and temperature.
  • Review the Ideal Gas Law.

Unit 3: Coordinated Functions of the Reproductive, Endocrine, and Nervous System

  • Learn the parts and function of the Nervous System.
  • Study the Central Nervous System.
  • Study the Peripheral Nervous System.
  • Learn the control of body processes through the Nervous System.
  • Explore the Endocrine System, glands, and their hormones.
  • Review the functions of the Reproductive System.
  • Understand the Feedback Mechanism.
  • Study Homeostasis.

Unit 4: Biomolecules

  • Learn about Carbohydrates.
  • Learn about Lipids.
  • Learn about Proteins.
  • Learn about Nucleic Acids.

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