Questions and Answers
What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
°C = (°F - 32) / 1.8
What is the formula for Cardiac Output (QT)?
QT = SV x HR
What is the formula for Stroke Volume (SV)?
SV = QT / HR
What is Boyle's Law?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Charles' Law?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Ideal Gas Law state?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere?
Signup and view all the answers
How do you calculate the subtraction of water vapor pressure at 37 degrees when fully saturated?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Total Cycle Time (TCT)?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the I:E Ratio represent?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Inverse I:E Ratio indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the formulas for Inspiratory Time (Ti) and Expiratory Time (Te)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Static Compliance (Cs)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Dynamic Compliance (Cd)?
Signup and view all the answers
How is Relative Humidity (%RH) calculated?
Signup and view all the answers
To find the total flow of a venture mask system, you need to add both parts of the Air:O2 ratio together and multiply by the given oxygen flow set. What is this total flow called?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for the Oxygen Entrainment Ratio?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Minute Ventilation (Ve) calculated as?
Signup and view all the answers
How is the Peak Inspiratory Flow (Vi) determined?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Tank Duration of Flow for an H Tank?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Duration of Flow for an E Tank?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Ideal Body Weight Formula (IBW) in pounds for adult males?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Ideal Body Weight Formula (IBW) in kilograms for adult males?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a 1% solution equate to in terms of mg?
Signup and view all the answers
How do you calculate the mg/ml for a 10% solution?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mg/ml for a 1:10000 solution?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula established for Anatomic Deadspace?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Physiologic Deadspace (Bohr Equation)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Alveolar Ventilation (Va)?
Signup and view all the answers
How is % Predicted calculated?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for calculating % Change?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of Patient Effort in respiratory terms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Ideal Alveolar Gas Equation (PAO2)?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Fick's Law describe?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Oxygen content of arterial blood (CaO2)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Oxygen Content of Pulmonary Capillary Blood (CcO2)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Oxygen content of mixed venous blood (CvO2)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt)?
Signup and view all the answers
How do you calculate total oxygen delivery (DO2)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for oxygen consumption (VO2)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Oxygen Extraction Ratio (O2ER)?
Signup and view all the answers
How much dissolved oxygen is there in blood for each mmHg of PO2?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Hemoglobin's carrying capacity and saturation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Airway Resistance (Raw)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for FIO2 when determining desired PaO2?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Ve when determining desired PaCO2?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for RR when determining desired PaCO2?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Vt when determining desired PaCO2?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Poiseuille's Law for Flow?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Poiseuille's Law for Pressure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the formula for Time Constants (Tc)?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Temperature Conversion
- Fahrenheit (°F) can be converted to Celsius (°C) using the formula: °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8.
Cardiac Measurement
- Cardiac Output (QT) is determined by multiplying Stroke Volume (SV) with Heart Rate (HR): QT = SV x HR.
- Stroke Volume (SV) is calculated by dividing Cardiac Output by Heart Rate: SV = QT / HR.
Gas Laws
- Boyle's Law states that the product of pressure (P) and volume (V) remains constant when temperature is unchanged: (P1 x V1) = (P2 x V2).
- Charles' Law relates volume and temperature with a constant pressure: V1/T1 = V2/T2.
- Gay-Lussac's Law connects pressure and temperature with a constant volume: P1/T1 = P2/T2.
- The Ideal Gas Law combines pressure, volume, and temperature: (P1 x V1)/T1 = (P2 x V2)/T2.
Pressure and Humidity Calculations
- The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is given by: PiO2 = FiO2 x PB.
- To account for water vapor pressure at 37 degrees Celsius, the equation is: H2O vapor saturated - Body humidity = 47 mm Hg or 43.8 mg/L.
- The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs is calculated similarly: PIO2 = FIO2 x PB.
Respiratory Ratios and Timings
- Total Cycle Time (TCT) can be calculated by dividing 60 by Respiratory Rate (RR): TCT = 60/RR.
- The Inspiratory:Expiratory (I:E) Ratio is defined as 1: Te/Ti, and an inverse I:E ratio indicates longer inspiratory time compared to expiratory time: Ti/Te :1.
- Inspiratory Time (Ti) can be calculated as Ti = TCT/#, while Expiratory Time (Te) is determined as Te = TCT - Ti.
Compliance Measurements
- Static Compliance (Cs) can be calculated with the formula: Cs = Vt / (Plat - PEEP).
- Dynamic Compliance (Cd) is calculated as: Cd = Vt / (PIP - PEEP).
Humidity and Flow Rates
- Relative Humidity (%RH) is calculated by dividing absolute humidity by humidity capacity and multiplying by 100: %RH = (Absolute humidity)/(Humidity capacity) x 100.
- The total flow of a venturi mask system can be derived by finding the sum of both Air:O2 ratios and multiplying by the oxygen flow set.
Oxygen Entrainment and Ventilation
- The Oxygen Entrainment Ratio is determined using the equation: Air/O2 = (100 - Desired O2)/(Desired O2 - 21*), with a stipulation to use 20% if the desired O2 is greater than 35%.
- Minute Ventilation (Ve) is calculated as: Ve = RR x VT.
- Peak Inspiratory Flow (Vi) is determined using: Vi = Ve (3).
Flow Capacity and Duration
- Tank duration for an H tank is calculated using: Cylinder pressure (psi) x Cylinder factor/Flow rate of gas (L/min) with H tank = 3.14.
- For an E tank, it is: {Cylinder pressure (psi)} x {Cylinder factor}/{Flow rate of gas (L/min)} with E tank = 0.28.
Body Weight Calculations
- The Ideal Body Weight formula in pounds: Male: 106 + (height - 60 x 6), Female: 105 + (height - 60 x 5).
- In kilograms, the IBW formula is: Men: 50 + 2.3 x (Ht - 60), Women: 45.4 + 2.3 x (Ht - 60).
Solution Concentration
- A 1% solution converts to 10 mg/ml, while a 10% solution equals 100 mg/ml.
- A ratio such as 1:10000 translates to 0.1 mg/ml.
Deadspace and Ventilation Calculations
- Anatomic Deadspace is approximately 1 ml per pound of body weight.
- Physiologic Deadspace (Bohr Equation): Vd/Vt = (PaCO2 - PeCO2)/PaCO2, where Physiologic VD = Anatomic VD + Alveolar VD.
- Alveolar Ventilation (Va): Va = Ve - Vd, or Va = (Vt - Vd) (RR).
Predicted Values
- % Predicted: % Predicted = (Actual FVC/Predicted FVC) x 100.
- % Change: % Change = (Post value - Pre value)/ Pre value x 100.
Oxygen and Hemoglobin Measurements
- Oxygen content in arterial blood: CaO2 = (Hb x 1.34 x SaO2) + (PaO2 x 0.003).
- Pulmonary shunt: Qs/Qt = % Pulmonary shunt = (CcO2 - CaO2)/(CcO2 - CvO2).
- Fick's Law of diffusion: V (gas) = AD(P1 - P2)/T.
Other Oxygen Metrics
- Total oxygen delivery (DO2): DO2 = QT x (CaO2 x 10).
- Oxygen consumption/uptake (VO2): VO2 = QT (CaO2 - CvO2) x 10.
- Oxygen Extraction Ratio (O2ER): ERO2 = (CaO2 - CVO2) / CaO2.
Airway Resistance and Optimization
- Airway Resistance (Raw): Raw = (PIP - PLAT)/Flow, adjusting flow from L/min to L/sec for calculations.
- Formulas for FIO2, Ve, RR, and Vt are provided to maintain desired arterial blood gas levels.
Poiseuille's Law
- Flow is calculated as: Flow = Change in Pressure (P) x r^4.
- Pressure can also be computed using: Change in Pressure (P) = Flow/r^4.
Time Constants
- Time Constants (Tc): Tc = Raw x Cd, providing insight into respiratory mechanics.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in physics, including temperature conversion between Fahrenheit and Celsius, cardiac measurements, and various gas laws. You will explore Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, Gay-Lussac's Law, and the Ideal Gas Law, as well as pressure and humidity calculations. Test your understanding of these fundamental principles!