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Questions and Answers
Which of the following was a significant attempt made by Yohannes IV during his reign?
What was the outcome of the battle at Assem near Adwa?
Which provinces did Tewodros II campaign in immediately after his coronation?
What name change did Mohammed Ali undergo after converting to Christianity?
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Which of the following leaders was recognized as Nigus of Shewa by Yohannes IV?
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What was one effect of the religious policies implemented by Yohannes IV?
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What can be inferred about the rule of Emperor Tekle-Giorgis II?
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Which action illustrates the decentralized policy of Yohannes IV's rule?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between Yohannes IV and Menilek?
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Study Notes
Tewodros II Reforms and Campaigns
- Tewodros II enacted significant reforms aimed at modernizing the Ethiopian military and administration.
- He sought to centralize authority and consolidate power within the empire.
- Two provinces targeted for campaigns after his coronation were Shewa and Wallo.
Comparison of Tewodros's Campaigns
- Tewodros's campaigns in Shewa demonstrated his approach to incorporating key provinces into his realm, focusing on military persuasion.
- The campaigns in Wallo were marked by resistance but ultimately aimed at establishing control and promoting loyalty among regional leaders.
Succession After Tewodros II
- Following Tewodros's death, three main contenders emerged: Wagshum Gobeze of Lasta, Kassa Mircha of Tigray, and Menilek of Shewa.
- Gobeze ascended to power as Emperor Tekle-Giorgis II from 1868 to 1871, showcasing the immediate power struggles following Tewodros's reign.
Yohannes IV and Administrative Changes
- Emperor Yohannes IV (1872-1889) introduced a decentralized administrative system, allowing significant autonomy to regional rulers.
- Menilek was recognized as Nigus of Shewa in 1878 through the Liche agreement, indicating the acknowledgment of regional leaders.
- In 1881, Ras Adal Tesema was designated Nigus Tekle-Haymanot of Gojjam and Kafa, illustrating Yohannes's strategy for governance.
Religious Controversies and Impact
- Yohannes IV aimed to resolve religious disputes within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo Church, confirmed by presiding over the Council of Boru Meda in 1878.
- This council established Tewahdo as the sole doctrine of the Orthodox Church, leading to forced conversions among Ethiopian Muslims, particularly in Wallo.
- Notable Muslim leaders from Wallo, such as Mohammed Ali and Amede Liban, converted to Christianity, adopting new names and titles.
Migration and Resistance
- Resistance to forced conversions prompted some Muslims to migrate to regions like Arsi, Gurage, Jimma, and Sudan.
- The dynamic between conversion and migration reflects the tensions and shifts in religious and cultural affiliations during this period.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the historical reforms made by Emperor Tewodros II and his military campaigns following his coronation. Students will explore key provinces involved in these campaigns and engage in a comparative analysis of his strategies. Test your knowledge of this important figure in Ethiopian history!
