Grade 10 History Exam Format

A political party in Quebec that advocated for Quebec nationalism, emphasizing protection of French culture and language, reliance on the Roman Catholic Church, and blaming English minorities for economic issues.

A series of relief camps established by the Canadian government during the Great Depression to provide work for unemployed men. These camps were often located in remote areas, offering poor living conditions and low wages.

The 1929 stock market crash that significantly impacted both Canada and the United States, initiating the Great Depression.

The severe economic downturn that lasted for a decade, starting in 1929, affecting both Canada and the United States.

The day (October 29, 1929) when the stock market experienced a massive crash, triggering the Great Depression.

The first use of chlorine gas in World War I, targeting French troops and causing significant casualties for Canadians.

A planned offensive by British and French forces, aimed at breaking German defenses, which resulted in heavy casualties and earned Canadians a reputation for bold attack tactics.

The first time Canadian troops fought together as a unified force in World War I. Canadians were able to capture Vimy Ridge, a key German defensive position.

A disastrous battle for the Canadian troops due to extremely muddy conditions, resulting in substantial casualties and the Germans regaining lost territory.

A devastating explosion in Halifax Harbour, caused by a collision between two ships, one carrying explosives. The disaster had a significant impact on Halifax and resulted in a large number of casualties.

War Measures Act, 1914, giving the Canadian government broad powers to control communication, movement, and other key aspects of Canadian life during wartime.

A lengthy conference that discussed the terms of peace after World War I, where Canada played a significant role and was recognized as an independent nation.

Treaty of Versailles, the peace treaty signed after World War I, which included the War Guilt Clause, territorial concessions from Germany, and significant reparations.

A major strike in Winnipeg in 1919, involving workers from different industries. It resulted in a major clash between workers and business leaders, and highlighted growing labor unrest.

A system of residential schools operated by the Canadian government and Christian churches, aimed at assimilating Indigenous children into Canadian society. These schools had a devastating impact on Indigenous communities.

The Battle of the Somme, a long and devastating battle, resulted in the deaths of thousands of soldiers, including many Canadians. It was a particularly bloody conflict, which highlights the brutality of World War I.

Canada's participation in World War I (1914-1918) was a pivotal moment in the country's history. It marked a turning point in Canadian identity, as Canadians fought for their nation on a global stage, forging connections and developing a sense of national unity.

John McCrae, serving as an artillery officer in World War I, wrote 'In Flanders Fields' after witnessing the horrors of the Battle of Ypres, specifically the use of poison gas. This poem became a symbol of remembrance and sacrifice, reflecting the devastating impact of war.

The impact of World War I on Canadian society was profound, creating significant socio-economic and cultural changes. The war led to national unity but also brought challenges, including the loss of life, economic hardships, and social unrest.

The War Measures Act enabled the Canadian government to restrict individual rights and freedoms during wartime, raising concerns about civil liberties and the potential for abuse of power. This underscores the complex relationship between security, individual rights, and wartime measures.

The National Resource Mobilization Act (NRMA) was a Canadian law passed in 1940, requiring compulsory military service for men over 18 years old. However, the law didn't grant the government the right to send troops overseas.

The War Measures Act was a Canadian law that allowed the government to control communication, transportation, trade, and more during times of national emergency, such as war or insurrection.

From 1941 to 1942, the Canadian government forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians due to concerns about espionage after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.

The Holocaust was a systematic genocide of over 6 million Jews, orchestrated by the Nazi regime during WWII, involving persecution, dispossession, and ultimately, murder.

The Nuremberg Laws, enacted in 1935, deprived Jews of their German citizenship, barred them from many occupations, and required them to carry identification.

Kristallnacht, which translates to 'Night of Broken Glass,' was a violent pogrom against Jewish businesses and synagogues throughout Germany on November 9-10, 1938. This event marked a turning point in the escalating persecution of Jews.

Genocide is the systematic killing of a large number of people, usually targeting a specific ethnic, religious, or national group.

Stripping of rights was a tactic used by the Nazi regime to systematically marginalize and dehumanize Jews. This included laws that took away their citizenship, property, and fundamental rights.

The fear of Soviet expansion and the threat of communism overthrowing Western societies, fueled by the Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe after World War II.

A Soviet cipher clerk who defected to Canada in 1945, exposing a Soviet spy ring targeting atomic bomb secrets. His actions revealed Soviet intentions of espionage and led to the arrest of Canadian MP Fred Rose.

A joint military alliance established by the US and Canada in 1958 to protect North American airspace from potential Soviet attacks. Initially focused on monitoring Soviet activity, it now operates as a broader aerospace and maritime warning system.

A line of 63 radar stations built across the Arctic to detect potential Soviet bomber attacks on the US. The line was constructed jointly by the US, Canada, and Greenland, with the US providing most of the funding.

A mutual defense organization formed in 1949 to protect Western Europe from Soviet aggression after World War II. It provided a collective security system to counter Soviet expansionism.

The Soviet Union's belief that communism would inevitably triumph over capitalism and spread throughout the world. It was underpinned by the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism.

The process of converting countries from wartime economies to peacetime economies after World War II. This involved challenges related to demobilization, rebuilding infrastructure, and addressing the needs of returning soldiers.

The tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union that dominated international relations from the late 1940s to the early 1990s. It was characterized by ideological conflict, arms races, proxy wars, and the threat of nuclear annihilation.

The 1970 event in Quebec where the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnapped two prominent figures, Pierre Laporte and James Cross, leading to a period of heightened tension and political instability.

Pierre Elliot Trudeau's stance on the Quebec sovereignty movement, advocating for the unity of Canada and opposing any separation of Quebec. He believed in a strong central government.

A Canadian law passed in 1969 that recognized both English and French as official languages of Canada. It aimed to promote bilingualism and equal status for both languages across the country.

Pierre Elliot Trudeau's philosophy that embraced multiculturalism as a core value of Canada. He believed in promoting diversity and accepting people from different cultural backgrounds.

A key part of the Canadian Constitution (1982) that guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to all Canadians, including freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. It was introduced by Pierre Elliot Trudeau.

The event in 1982 when the Canadian Constitution was officially adopted, establishing a distinct legal system and framework for Canada. It was championed by Pierre Elliot Trudeau.

Pierre Elliot Trudeau's significant actions as Prime Minister, including patriating the Canadian Constitution and establishing the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, solidifying Canadian governance and fundamental rights.

A 1987 agreement between Canada and the United States that eliminated tariffs on goods crossing the border and allowed for increased investment between both countries. This led to concerns about Canadian industries being overshadowed by US competition, and about potential economic dependence on the US.

A 1987 agreement aimed at addressing Quebec's concerns about its place in Canada and gaining its consent to the 1982 Constitution. It proposed recognizing Quebec as a distinct society and giving provinces more power over constitutional changes.

A 1990 event in Oka, Quebec, where the Mohawk Nation protested against the expansion of a golf course into their sacred lands. The protest led to a 78-day standoff, highlighting tensions between Indigenous communities and the Canadian government.

A 1992 agreement that expanded free trade between Canada and the United States to include Mexico. It aimed to create a larger free trade zone and promote economic growth in North America.

A 1995 referendum in Quebec on whether the province should separate from Canada. Although a majority of Quebeckers voted in favor of separation, the result was not enough to meet the threshold for a clear majority, leading to the Clarity Act.

A 1999 law passed in Canada that establishes requirements for a clear majority in any future referendum on Quebec's separation. It aims to prevent separation based on a narrow majority and ensure that the separation decision reflects the will of the people.

A document adopted in 1982 as part of the patriated Constitution, outlining fundamental rights and freedoms for all Canadians. It recognizes human rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, and protects against discrimination.

The use of a specific legal provision under the Canadian Constitution that allows a government to pass legislation despite the fact that it violates the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This is often controversial, as it potentially undermines the protection of individual rights.