Government Systems Chapter 3

Federal System Overview

• Federal systems combine elements of both unitary and confederal government structures.
• In unitary governments, central authority acts directly on citizens, with local governments holding powers granted by the central government; exemplified by Great Britain.
• Confederal systems delegate powers to a central authority from sovereign states, functioning efficiently in scenarios like defense and trade regulation, but may create conflict due to lack of central authority; an example includes the Articles of Confederation.

Characteristics of U.S. Federalism

• The U.S. Constitution integrates unitary and confederal elements by allowing direct representation in Congress while ensuring states' powers are retained.
• Members of the House of Representatives are elected directly, emphasizing a unitary system's characteristic of government accountability to citizens.
• The Senate initially appointed by state legislatures exemplifies confederal principles as each state has equal representation.

Proponents of Federalism

• Advocates argue federalism keeps government closer to citizens, especially beneficial in small or remote areas where local governments have better awareness of specific needs.
• Federalism fosters regional development, enabling innovative methods for addressing diverse social, economic, and political issues.
• It acts as a safeguard against majority dominance, promoting checks and balances.

Opponents of Federalism

• Critics highlight potential inefficiencies through duplicated government efforts, leading to overlapping or contradictory policies across states.
• Federalism may result in disparities among states, creating unhealthy competition and division.
• Concerns arise regarding overreach and corruption, sparked by excessive governmental layers.

Federal Government's Enumerated Powers

• The U.S. Constitution specifies enumerated powers for Congress in Section 8, including:
  • Power to collect taxes and provide for national defense and welfare.
  • Authority to borrow money and regulate commerce domestically and internationally.
  • Ability to establish naturalization rules and bankruptcy laws.
  • Rights to coin money, regulate standards, and punish counterfeiting.
  • Establishment of post offices and mechanisms to protect intellectual property.
  • Power to define and punish maritime crimes and declare war.
  • Maintenance of armed forces and regulation of militia operations within state appointments.

This quiz explores the federal system of government and its relationship to unitary and confederal forms. It provides insights into how these systems operate and their characteristics. Perfect for students studying political science or government.