36 Questions
How did feminists initially try to address the issue of child sexual abuse?
Through direct therapy and support groups
What was a key factor in feminists' ability to publicize the issue of child sexual abuse?
Their development of expertise through statistics and figures
How did feminists build support for their cause?
By building coalitions with lobby groups and professionals
What was the outcome of feminists' efforts to publicize the issue of child sexual abuse?
The issue became a public problem recognized by public authorities
What phase began after the success of feminists' efforts to publicize the issue of child sexual abuse?
The decision phase
What was the role of feminist activists in addressing the issue of child sexual abuse?
They played a key role in publicizing the issue
What is the primary focus of the typology in public policies?
The diversity of public policies
What is an example of a constraint policy?
Speed limitations
What is a limitation of the typology?
It is not exhaustive
What is an example of a redistributive policy?
Taxation on cigarettes
How many sequences are divided in the sequential analysis model?
5
What is the policy cycle also known as?
The sequential analysis model
What is the main characteristic of public policies according to the text?
They are a series of decisions and interactive effects
Who introduced the sequential analysis model?
Charles Jones
What is the main difference in public action between 30 years ago and today?
It covers a broader area
Why are taxes lower in the US compared to Europe?
Because public policies in the US focus on regulation rather than spending programs
Who is the author of the book 'Politics: Who gets What, When, How'?
Harold D. Lasswell
What is emphasized in the definition of public policy by Harold D. Lasswell?
The social dimension of public policies
What is a limitation of the definition of public policy by Harold D. Lasswell?
It is very imprecise
What do public policies represent for individuals according to the definition by Harold D. Lasswell?
Both resources and constraints
What is the primary function of the agenda-setting phase?
To identify and define social needs
Who participates in the identification of problems during the agenda-setting phase?
Both State and non-State actors
What happens during the decision phase?
A policy program is developed
What is the purpose of the implementation phase?
To apply the measures decided upon by public authorities
What may occur at the end of the evaluation phase?
A new problem is identified and a new cycle begins
What is the role of non-State actors during agenda-setting?
To identify and name problems
How many phases are there in the policy process?
5
What is the focus of the evaluation phase?
Measuring and analyzing the results of a policy
What are two important dimensions of public action often forgotten in the grid?
Symbolic and multiple constraints
What is the symbolic dimension of a public policy concerned with?
The demonstration of attention to the problem
What is the grid considered to be?
A stylized representation of reality
What is an example of a public problem becoming a public policy?
Child sexual abuse in Europe in the 1980s
What can gestures of public authorities promise?
More than reality
What weighs on public policies?
Multiple constraints, including context and availability of instruments
What is the importance of the symbolic dimension in public policy?
It is the most important part of the policy
What is the grid likened to in terms of its representation of reality?
A stylized representation of reality, similar to a Weberian ideal type
Study Notes
Types of Public Policies
- Constraint policies: state condemns certain individual behaviors, e.g., social insurance, progressive taxation
- Immediate constraints: policies rely on sanctions, e.g., speed limitations
Limitations of Typology
- Not exhaustive: does not include direct intervention policies or incentive policies
- Unidimensional: does not account for multidimensional nature of public policies
Public Policy as a Dynamic Process
- Series of decisions and interactive effects
- Analyzing public action through sequences
The Policy Cycle
- Sequential analysis model: public action divided into sequences
- 5 sequences:
- Agenda-setting: identification of a problem, definition of social needs, acknowledgment of needs by authorities
- Decision: development of a policy program, formulation of a solution, choice of a proposal, legitimization of the decision
- Implementation: application of the program by public authorities
- Evaluation: measurement and analysis of the results
- Feed-back loop: sometimes allows for the identification of a new problem and reformulation of solutions
Criticisms of the Policy Cycle
- Reality is more chaotic than the sequential grid suggests
- Two important dimensions forgotten: multiple constraints (context, other policies, availability of instruments, legacy of the past) and symbolic dimension (speeches, communications)
Definition of Public Policy
- “Who gets what, when and how?” (Harold D. Lasswell, 1936)
- Emphasis on social dimension and impact of public policies
- Limitations: imprecise definition, unclear who the actors are, what the processes are
Case Study: Child Sexual Abuse
- Laurie Boussaguet's research on agenda-setting process in Europe in the 1980s
- Illustrates how and why a public problem becomes a public policy
This quiz covers government policies and their impact on individual behaviors, including social insurance, progressive taxation, and speed limitations.
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