Goat Breeding and Grazing Habits

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Questions and Answers

What is the breeding season for dairy goats?

  • Between April and July
  • Any time of the year
  • Between August and March (correct)
  • Only in the winter months

Why do dairy goats require more attention during kidding in cold, rainy weather?

  • They lack subcutaneous fat (correct)
  • They need more food during that time
  • They have difficulty giving birth
  • They are more prone to illnesses

What percentage of brush do goats consume when given a choice?

  • 40 to 60 percent (correct)
  • 30 to 50 percent
  • 60 to 80 percent
  • 10 to 20 percent

Why do goats consume a wider range of plants compared to cattle?

<p>They have prehensile lips (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of pastures do goats consume much larger amounts of grasses?

<p>Improved pastures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do goats need a higher forage intake as a percentage of body weight compared to cattle?

<p>Their higher rate of passage through the alimentary tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are goats considered effective in controlling weeds and brush when grazed with cattle?

<p>They help eliminate troublesome plant species that cattle do not eat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a suitable strategy for utilizing goats for clearing pasture areas of weeds and brush?

<p>Rotational stocking to allow recovery time for the species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary requirement is essential for does in late pregnancy and early lactation, as well as for growing kids marketed for meat?

<p>A diet with at least 14 percent protein. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant species are avoided by goats according to the text?

<p>Marestail and horsenettle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does Sericea lespedeza have on small ruminants like goats?

<p>It reduces internal parasite levels due to its tannins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might rotational stocking be necessary when using brush, vines, and weeds as a long-term resource?

<p>To allow time for these resources to recover. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key preventive measure against parasite infestation in goats?

<p>Allowing pastures to rest between grazing periods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant species is mentioned as excellent for goat pasture due to reduced ground contact during grazing?

<p>Pearl millet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the natural suppression of internal parasites in small ruminants like goats according to the text?

<p>Consumption of sericea lespedeza with condensed tannins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What poses a significant challenge to goats in terms of predation?

<p>Feral or neighborhood dogs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are parasites such as the barber pole worm becoming more problematic for goats?

<p>Increased resistance to dewormers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective strategy for reducing internal parasite egg numbers in feces of small ruminants?

<p>Consumption of sericea lespedeza forage with condensed tannins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supplement is needed for perennial grasses in the summer due to an increase in lignin content?

<p>Energy and protein supplements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is the most dependable summer pasture option with high nutritive value over much of the South?

<p>Grazing-tolerant alfalfa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What management practice can enhance new leaf growth in bermudagrass for satisfactory early season performance?

<p>Close mowing to 2 or 3 inches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is one of the best choices for dependable, nutritious deer pasture in the lower Coastal Plain?

<p>Perennial peanut (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration for successful sheep production in the humid Eastern U.S.?

<p>Parasite and predator control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the annual feed requirements for sheep can be provided from forage?

<p>~75% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What breeds are mentioned as better suited to the climate of the Southern U.S. for sheep production?

<p>Suffolk, Hair sheep breeds, Hampshire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Late pregnancy and early lactation are the times when ewes have the greatest energy requirements.' What does this imply for sheep production?

<p>'Providing adequate nutrition during these periods is crucial for sheep.' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'A profitable sheep operation depends on providing as much grazing through the year as possible.' What does this statement emphasize?

<p>'Continuous grazing availability is essential for profitable sheep farming.' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Usually, 30 to 35 ewes plus a ram are considered to be the minimum economical size for a sheep flock.' What does this indicate about sheep flock size?

<p>'The economic threshold favors mid-sized flocks.' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of a late winter or early spring lambing program in the Southern U.S.?

<p>Lambs can be weaned at 90 days of age or less. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable difference between late winter/early spring lambing and autumn lambing programs?

<p>Late winter/early spring lambing is less profitable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do donkeys, llamas, and guardian dogs contribute to sheep farming?

<p>They help control predators such as dogs and coyotes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is periodic worming necessary for sheep?

<p>To control internal parasites which can be a severe problem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is important in the diet of llamas according to the text?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do llamas differ from sheep in terms of feeding behavior?

<p>Llamas tend to be browsers more than grazers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should alfalfa and clovers be avoided for pasture or hay for llamas?

<p>They cause obesity and overheating in llamas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are guardian animals like donkeys or llamas recommended for protecting goats?

<p>They help in attacking predators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can goats be trained to electric fences?

<p>By exposing them to mild electric shocks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes farm-raised venison higher in quality compared to wild venison?

<p>Healthier nutrition and care. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the major venison producer?

<p>New Zealand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of deer is not well suited for venison production on intensive pastures?

<p>White-tailed deer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of farmed deer species compared to beef cattle in terms of breeding season flexibility?

<p>Deer do not match nutritional needs with the breeding season. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major expense related to deer farming according to the text?

<p>Special handling facilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal nutrient composition required in pastures for deer from mid April until the breeding season?

<p>64 percent TDN and 16 percent CP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why cattle have an advantage over deer according to the text?

<p>Adjustable breeding seasons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are electric polywire tapes often used in deer farming?

<p>For cross fencing pastures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ready-for-slaughter age range for birds raised for meat?

<p>10-14 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bird species has a digestive tract more similar to that of a chicken than an ostrich?

<p>Emu (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements contribute significantly to the 'greenhouse effect' mentioned in the text?

<p>Carbon dioxide and pollutants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are alfalfa and annual ryegrass considered desirable pasture species for ostrich?

<p>They provide high nutritional value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for adult ostrich being best suited to continuously stocked pastures?

<p>Territorial behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice can provide substantial benefits when forages are used in crop rotations according to the text?

<p>Deep root penetration of forage crops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to increase calcium in the diet prior to the onset of breeding for ostrich females?

<p>To strengthen eggshells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the necessity of internal parasite treatments in the Southern U.S. for ostrich?

<p>Low relative humidity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Photosynthesis' mentioned in the text primarily involves the consumption of which gas and release of which gas?

<p>$CO_2$ intake, oxygen release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Climate change discussions have resulted in much focus on carbon sequestration.' What does 'carbon sequestration' refer to?

<p>$CO_2$ transfer from the atmosphere to soil, plants, and other life forms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is energy conservation a concern for environmentally-minded individuals?

<p>To lower energy inputs in grassland systems compared to row crop production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do grazing animals contribute to nutrient recycling in grassland systems?

<p>Their bodies are composed of air and water nutrients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Indians in the Southern U.S. enhance wildlife populations with forage plants?

<p>By burning patches of woodlands, encouraging native grasses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the benefit of wildlife populations with a mixture of crops, pasture, and woodland on a farm?

<p>Wildlife benefits when different habitats are present. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is improper management of pastureland a concern with regard to water quality?

<p>It causes increased nutrient runoff in water sources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why soil erosion is a concern for farmers and landowners?

<p>It leads to the creation of gullies and rills on farmlands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does good management practices have on water quality with regard to pastures?

<p>It ensures reduced soil sediment pollution in water bodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Soil Conservation Service (NRCS) aim to reduce soil erosion?

<p>By being effective in reducing soil erosion through its federal programs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the loss of topsoil due to erosion affect the remaining soil negatively?

<p>The remaining eroded soil is lower in organic matter and fertility than the lost topsoil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do native grasses favor many types of wildlife according to the text?

<p>Because they stimulate open areas by burning woodlands periodically. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do animal manure or organic wastes contribute to water quality problems?

<p>By directly contaminating water sources with nutrients and contaminants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key benefits of using cover crops mentioned in the text?

<p>Reducing erosion during winter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern regarding water quality mentioned in the text?

<p>Nutrient contamination like nitrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do forage crops help in reducing water pollution according to the text?

<p>By forming dense root systems that act as filters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to restrict animal access to streams according to the text?

<p>To prevent pathogenic bacteria contamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem can be reduced by planting buffer strips along streams?

<p>Nutrient contamination from pastures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is over-fertilization not recommended in agriculture according to the text?

<p>To prevent excessive nutrient contamination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cover crops create root channels that benefit row crops?

<p>By facilitating deeper rooting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a suggested solution to prevent soil erosion while maintaining economic production in areas prone to erosion?

<p>Use proper tillage methods for crop production in non-erodible areas only. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can reduce soil erosion losses effectively, according to the text?

<p>Planting perennial grass sods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is erosion most likely to occur based on the text?

<p>On slopes greater than 5 percent, especially with fine-textured soil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can livestock contribute to erosion?

<p>By forming traffic paths where no plants can survive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are riparian areas considered environmentally sensitive zones?

<p>Because livestock traffic can enhance bank erosion and washouts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of planting a cover crop on summer row crop land according to the text?

<p>To stabilize the soil until the best adapted perennial forages have an opportunity to dominate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many pastures in certain areas have high erosion potential?

<p>Because of overgrazing and poor plant vigor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do grassed waterways, grassed terraces, strip cropping, and long-term rotations help with soil erosion?

<p>By serving as examples of effective methods to reduce soil erosion losses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a significant consequence of serious erosion damage?

<p>Greatly reduced productivity for many years. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do proper management and time contribute to disturbed or critical areas?

<p>They help stabilize these areas over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method of disposing of animal waste produced in the Southern U.S.?

<p>Spreading on forage crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can the application of organic waste to pastures potentially jeopardize water quality?

<p>It releases readily available nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an economically feasible practice for livestock producers to utilize waste materials?

<p>Using waste as a nutrient source for pasture production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are hybrid bermudagrasses mentioned in relation to waste disposal areas?

<p>Due to their high yield potential and nitrate absorption capabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complementary relationship exists between beef cattle and poultry on the farm?

<p>Providing nutrients for pasture growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why has the number of beef cattle increased in areas with rising broiler production?

<p>As a result of the complementary relationship with poultry farms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in developing a keen appreciation for forage crops?

<p>Exposure to successful examples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is exposure to different types of music, art, or food important according to the text?

<p>To build appreciation for various forms of culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a seldom-mentioned aspect of forage/livestock enterprises?

<p>Productivity and value appreciation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do knowledgeable persons appreciate forage crops beyond their visible beauty?

<p>For their productivity and nutritive value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an appreciation for beautiful, productive forages benefit producers according to the text?

<p>By leading to efficient, profitable operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is essential in agricultural production besides productivity?

<p>Protecting the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid applying waste materials at extremely high rates or in sensitive areas?

<p>To reduce the potential for runoff and water contamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that influences the loss of nitrogen from applied waste materials?

<p>The temperature and humidity levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the steps livestock producers can take to minimize environmental hazards according to the text?

<p>Avoid feeding hay on steep slopes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to locate new animal working facilities on level sites and away from surface water?

<p>To minimize soil sediment runoff into surface water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can livestock producers help reduce soil erosion losses effectively?

<p>Planting buffer vegetation strips along riparian areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when using a no-till seeder for chicken forage stands?

<p>The slope of the pasture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should livestock be removed from steep pastures during wet weather?

<p>To minimize opportunities for erosion due to livestock trails (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of planting buffer vegetation strips along riparian areas according to the text?

<p>To filter out nutrients, bacteria, and soil sediment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to apply waste materials at times of the year when high rainfall storms are less likely?

<p>To reduce water contamination risks due to runoff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do rotational stocking practices help minimize environmental impacts according to the text?

<p>By preventing livestock trails on steep slopes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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