16 Questions
What is the main purpose of dolichol phosphate in glycosylation?
Act as a carrier of oligosaccharide
In glycosylation, where is the initial formation of oligosaccharide occurring?
Cytosolic region
What is the role of the flippase in glycosylation?
Translocating oligosaccharides
Which organelle is capable of breaking down foreign material?
Lysosomes
What initiates the fusion of transport vesicles with the membrane during glycosylation?
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During glycosylation, where does the addition of short chain carbohydrates begin?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
What is the destination of the transport vesicle after budding off from the ER?
Golgi network
Where does the fusion of the transport vesicle with the Golgi walls occur?
Golgi network
Which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oligosaccharides within cells?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Where does the process of glycosylation mainly take place within the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Where does the molecule synthesis begin in the endomembrane system?
Cytoplasmic region
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of molecules in the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
In which organelle does the last step of molecule synthesis occur before final secretion?
Golgi apparatus
What membrane protein facilitates the translocation of molecules from one side to the other in the endomembrane system?
Flippases
What is the area called where it seems like something is budding off from the walls of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Transitional ER
How is protein glycosylation accomplished in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane?
Using oligosaccharyltransferase
Study Notes
Glycosylation in the ER
- Glycosylation is the addition of oligosaccharides to a polypeptide chain, which begins in the ER and is completed in the Golgi complex.
- The ER membrane is involved in glycosylation, with the oligosaccharide being formed in the cytosolic region and then translocated to the lumenal area.
- Dolichol phosphate is a phospholipid involved in glycosylation, serving as a carrier of oligosaccharides.
ER Structure and Function
- The ER is bounded by a bilayer membrane and contains cisternae, which are foldings that increase the surface area.
- The ER is studded with ribosomes, primarily engaged in the synthesis of molecules.
- The ER is responsible for protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and other molecular synthesis.
- The ER contains a luminal area, where the growing molecule is synthesized.
Transport Vesicles and Golgi Network
- The ER buds off to form transport vesicles, which transport the molecule to the Golgi network for further processing.
- The transport vesicle consists of material from the ER and moves towards the Golgi network.
- Once the vesicle reaches the Golgi, it fuses with the walls of the Golgi, and the molecule enters the Golgi network.
Lysosomes and Endosomes
- Lysosomes digest ingested material and unneeded cellular components.
- Endosomes and lysosomes work in tandem, with the endosome receiving material from the cell surface and the lysosome breaking it down.
Protein Synthesis and Glycosylation
- Protein synthesis begins in the cytosolic region of the ER and continues in the lumenal area.
- Glycosylation occurs in the ER, where short-chain carbohydrates are added to the polypeptide chain.
- The molecule synthesized in the ER is then transported to the Golgi for further processing and completion.
Explore the process of glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, focusing on the exciting activities happening in the lumenal region. Learn about the synthesis of oligosaccharides and the role of dolichol phosphate as a carrier. Understand how oligosaccharides are initially formed in the cytosolic region before translocating to the lumenal area.
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