Glycolysis Pathway Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the first stage of glycolysis?

  • To generate ATP
  • To convert glucose into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (correct)
  • To allow for substrate channeling
  • To release toxic intermediates

    • What is the role of hexokinase in the first stage of glycolysis?

  • It cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two 3-carbon molecules
  • It ensures the movement of substrates and products through the enzymes
  • It transfers a phosphoryl group from ATP to glucose to form glucose 6-phosphate (correct)
  • It catalyzes the isomerization of glucose

    • How many ATP molecules are consumed in the first stage of glycolysis?

  • 0
  • 2 (correct)
  • 4
  • 1

    • What is the purpose of the second phosphorylation step in the first stage of glycolysis?

    <p>To convert glucose into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the isomerization step in the first stage of glycolysis?

    <p>To convert glucose into fructose 6-phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are generated in the second stage of glycolysis?

    <p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of substrate channeling in glycolysis?

    <p>To ensure the movement of substrates and products through the enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of glycolysis?

    <p>It is a common pathway to virtually all cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in the first stage of glycolysis?

    <p>To produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the first stage of glycolysis in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To convert glucose into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the irreversible conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of triose phosphate isomerase in glycolysis?

    <p>Catalyzing the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product formed by the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in glycolysis?

    <p>ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation?

    <p>Alcohol dehydrogenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Galactose-Glucose Interconversion Pathway, what catalyzes the phosphorylation of galactose into galactose 1-phosphate?

    <p>Galactokinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is formed when glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate undergoes oxidation-reduction using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?

    <p>1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net reaction of lactic acid fermentation?

    <p>$ ext{Glucose} + 2 ext{ Pi} + 2 ext{ ADP} \rightarrow 2 ext{ lactate} + 2 ext{ ATP} + 2 ext{ H}_2 ext{O}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1-phosphate into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the liver pathway for fructose metabolism?

    <p>$ ext{Fructose aldolase}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $ ext{NAD}^+$ regeneration is essential for which metabolic pathway to continue?

    <p>$ ext{Glycolysis}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $ ext{Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)}$ is converted to pyruvate by which enzyme in glycolysis?

    <p>$ ext{Pyruvate kinase}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of UDP-Galactose to UDP-Glucose?

    <p>UDP-Galactose 4-epimerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which role does glucose 1-phosphate play in glycolysis?

    <p>Building blocks for biosynthetic reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In muscle, which enzyme is primarily involved in feedback inhibition of glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme controls the third irreversible step in glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate kinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits hexokinase in muscle?

    <p>Glucose 6-phosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme in the liver plays a key role in liver glucose phosphorylation?

    <p>Glucokinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates phosphofructokinase in the liver by indicating abundant biosynthetic precursors and inhibiting further glycolysis?

    <p>Citrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Gluconeogenesis involves bypassing three irreversible steps of glycolysis.' Which regulatory enzymes are key players in gluconeogenesis?

    <p>'Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and Glucose 6-phosphatase' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'The balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver is sensitive to factors like energy charge.' Which enzymes are involved in this balance regulation?

    <p>'Phosphofructokinase 2 and Fructose bisphosphatase 2' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the phosphorylation step catalyzed by hexokinase in the first stage of glycolysis?

    <p>To trap glucose inside the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the first stage of glycolysis is correct?

    <p>It requires the investment of two ATP molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in the first stage of glycolysis?

    <p>To produce two three-carbon molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of substrate channeling in glycolysis?

    <p>To prevent the release of toxic intermediates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the second stage of glycolysis is correct?

    <p>It generates a net gain of two ATP molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the isomerization step in the first stage of glycolysis?

    <p>To convert glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the first stage of glycolysis is incorrect?

    <p>It generates ATP for the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about glycolysis is correct?

    <p>It is a common pathway to virtually all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the products of glycolysis is correct?

    <p>The final products are two molecules of pyruvate and two molecules of ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the second phosphorylation step in the first stage of glycolysis?

    <p>To produce a compound that can be cleaved into two three-carbon molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of UDP-glucose in galactose metabolism?

    <p>Convert to UDP-galactose for biosynthetic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is glucose 6-phosphate primarily utilized in glycolysis?

    <p>For both ATP production and biosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is not inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate in liver glucose phosphorylation?

    <p>Glucokinase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the liver, what regulates phosphofructokinase by inhibiting further glycolysis?

    <p>Citrate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate?

    <p>Phosphoglucomutase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as control points in the glycolysis pathway?

    <p>Enzymes controlling irreversible reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regulatory enzymes are key players in gluconeogenesis by bypassing irreversible steps of glycolysis?

    <p>$ ext{Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase}$ and $ ext{Glucose 6-phosphatase}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of feedback inhibition in muscle glycolysis?

    <p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does fructose 2,6-bisphosphate play in regulating phosphofructokinase 2?

    <p>Activates the enzyme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate?

    <p>Phosphoglucose isomerase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the phosphofructokinase (PFK) enzyme?

    <p>Catalyzing the irreversible reaction of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP)?

    <p>Triose phosphate isomerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the second stage of glycolysis, which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate?

    <p>Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of phosphoglycerate kinase in glycolysis?

    <p>Transferring a phosphoryl group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, forming 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the rearrangement of 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate?

    <p>Phosphoglycerate mutase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enolase in glycolysis?

    <p>Converting 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the irreversible reaction that converts phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate and generates ATP?

    <p>Pyruvate kinase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net reaction of alcoholic fermentation?

    <p>Glucose + 2 Pi + 2 ADP + 2 H+ 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP + 2 H2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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