Glycolysis: Common Pathway and Stages

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What is the role of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase in the metabolism of galactose?

It is responsible for the production of UDP-galactose from UDPglucose

It catalyzes the conversion of galactose 1-phosphate to glucose 1-phosphate

It converts UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose by inverting the hydroxyl group at carbon 4 (correct)

It regulates the activity of galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate in glycolysis?

Phosphoglucomutase (correct)

Pyruvate kinase

Hexokinase

Phosphofructokinase

Which of the following is a key regulatory enzyme in the control of glycolysis?

Glucose 6-phosphatase

Phosphofructokinase (correct)

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

Glucokinase

How is the activity of phosphofructokinase regulated in muscle tissue?

It is inhibited by ATP and activated by AMP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucokinase in the liver's glucose metabolism?

It catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

How does the liver regulate the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of gluconeogenesis in the body?

To bypass the irreversible steps of glycolysis and maintain blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphofructokinase in the liver's glucose metabolism?

It is regulated by citrate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, controlling the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

How does the regulation of enzymes like pyruvate kinase and hexokinase contribute to the control of glycolysis?

They are regulated by allosteric effectors and covalent modification, serving as control points in the pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucose 6-phosphate in the body?

It is the substrate for glycolysis, providing energy through ATP production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of glycolysis?

To convert glucose into pyruvate and produce ATP Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotic cells?

In the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced and consumed during glycolysis?

4 ATP produced, 2 ATP consumed Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of substrate channeling in glycolysis?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?

Cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the initial phosphorylation step in glycolysis?

To trap glucose inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, the phosphorylation of glucose?

Hexokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is NOT true?

It is the only pathway for ATP production in cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the isomerization step in the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?

To convert glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphoglucose isomerase in glycolysis?

It converts glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the irreversible reaction that is the key regulatory step of glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two triose phosphate isomers produced during the first stage of glycolysis?

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the oxidation-reduction reaction that converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate during the second stage of glycolysis?

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the net reaction of the conversion of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis?

Glucose + 2 Pi + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + H2O Signup and view all the answers

Which process regenerates NAD+ from NADH to allow glycolysis to continue?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fructokinase in the metabolism of fructose?

It converts fructose to fructose 1-phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of galactose to galactose 1-phosphate in the galactose-glucose interconversion pathway?

Galactokinase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enolase in glycolysis?

It catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate, introducing a double bond and producing phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Signup and view all the answers