30 Questions
What is the role of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase in the metabolism of galactose?
It converts UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose by inverting the hydroxyl group at carbon 4
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate in glycolysis?
Phosphoglucomutase
Which of the following is a key regulatory enzyme in the control of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase
How is the activity of phosphofructokinase regulated in muscle tissue?
It is inhibited by ATP and activated by AMP
What is the role of glucokinase in the liver's glucose metabolism?
It catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate
How does the liver regulate the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?
All of the above
What is the primary role of gluconeogenesis in the body?
To bypass the irreversible steps of glycolysis and maintain blood glucose levels
What is the role of phosphofructokinase in the liver's glucose metabolism?
It is regulated by citrate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, controlling the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
How does the regulation of enzymes like pyruvate kinase and hexokinase contribute to the control of glycolysis?
They are regulated by allosteric effectors and covalent modification, serving as control points in the pathway
What is the primary function of glucose 6-phosphate in the body?
It is the substrate for glycolysis, providing energy through ATP production
What is the primary purpose of glycolysis?
To convert glucose into pyruvate and produce ATP
Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the cytoplasm
How many ATP molecules are produced and consumed during glycolysis?
4 ATP produced, 2 ATP consumed
What is the purpose of substrate channeling in glycolysis?
Both A and B
Which of the following is NOT a step in the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?
Cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
What is the primary function of the initial phosphorylation step in glycolysis?
To trap glucose inside the cell
Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, the phosphorylation of glucose?
Hexokinase
What is the end product of the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is NOT true?
It is the only pathway for ATP production in cells
What is the purpose of the isomerization step in the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?
To convert glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate
What is the role of phosphoglucose isomerase in glycolysis?
It converts glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
Which enzyme catalyzes the irreversible reaction that is the key regulatory step of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
What are the two triose phosphate isomers produced during the first stage of glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
Which enzyme catalyzes the oxidation-reduction reaction that converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate during the second stage of glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?
2
What is the net reaction of the conversion of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis?
Glucose + 2 Pi + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + H2O
Which process regenerates NAD+ from NADH to allow glycolysis to continue?
All of the above
What is the role of fructokinase in the metabolism of fructose?
It converts fructose to fructose 1-phosphate
Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of galactose to galactose 1-phosphate in the galactose-glucose interconversion pathway?
Galactokinase
What is the role of enolase in glycolysis?
It catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate, introducing a double bond and producing phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
Explore the common pathway of glycolysis, that occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Learn about the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, ATP production and the two stages involved in glycolysis.
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