Glycolysis: Common Pathway and Stages
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase in the metabolism of galactose?

  • It is responsible for the production of UDP-galactose from UDPglucose
  • It catalyzes the conversion of galactose 1-phosphate to glucose 1-phosphate
  • It converts UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose by inverting the hydroxyl group at carbon 4 (correct)
  • It regulates the activity of galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate in glycolysis?

  • Phosphoglucomutase (correct)
  • Pyruvate kinase
  • Hexokinase
  • Phosphofructokinase

Which of the following is a key regulatory enzyme in the control of glycolysis?

  • Glucose 6-phosphatase
  • Phosphofructokinase (correct)
  • Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
  • Glucokinase

How is the activity of phosphofructokinase regulated in muscle tissue?

<p>It is inhibited by ATP and activated by AMP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucokinase in the liver's glucose metabolism?

<p>It catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the liver regulate the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of gluconeogenesis in the body?

<p>To bypass the irreversible steps of glycolysis and maintain blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphofructokinase in the liver's glucose metabolism?

<p>It is regulated by citrate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, controlling the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the regulation of enzymes like pyruvate kinase and hexokinase contribute to the control of glycolysis?

<p>They are regulated by allosteric effectors and covalent modification, serving as control points in the pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucose 6-phosphate in the body?

<p>It is the substrate for glycolysis, providing energy through ATP production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of glycolysis?

<p>To convert glucose into pyruvate and produce ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur in eukaryotic cells?

<p>In the cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced and consumed during glycolysis?

<p>4 ATP produced, 2 ATP consumed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of substrate channeling in glycolysis?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?

<p>Cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the initial phosphorylation step in glycolysis?

<p>To trap glucose inside the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, the phosphorylation of glucose?

<p>Hexokinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?

<p>Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is NOT true?

<p>It is the only pathway for ATP production in cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the isomerization step in the trapping and preparation phase (Stage 1) of glycolysis?

<p>To convert glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphoglucose isomerase in glycolysis?

<p>It converts glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the irreversible reaction that is the key regulatory step of glycolysis?

<p>Phosphofructokinase (PFK) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two triose phosphate isomers produced during the first stage of glycolysis?

<p>Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the oxidation-reduction reaction that converts glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate during the second stage of glycolysis?

<p>Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net reaction of the conversion of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis?

<p>Glucose + 2 Pi + 2 ADP + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + H2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process regenerates NAD+ from NADH to allow glycolysis to continue?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fructokinase in the metabolism of fructose?

<p>It converts fructose to fructose 1-phosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of galactose to galactose 1-phosphate in the galactose-glucose interconversion pathway?

<p>Galactokinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enolase in glycolysis?

<p>It catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate, introducing a double bond and producing phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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